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Originalia

Fahreignung bei Demenz: Eine Herausforderung für neuropsychologische Diagnostik und Beratung

Driving Ability and Dementia: A Task for Neuropsychological Diagnostics and Counselling

Published Online:September 01, 2006https://doi.org/10.1024/1011-6877.17.2.97

Abstract

Zusammenfassung: Immer häufiger ist die Demenz-Diagnostik und -Beratung mit der Frage der Beurteilung der Fahreignung konfrontiert. Auch wenn eine Demenz im Verlauf sicher zur Fahruntauglichkeit führt, gibt es doch bisher keine verlässlichen Maßstäbe, wann nicht mehr gefahren werden darf. Internationale Studien kommen zu keinen einheitlichen Ergebnissen. Die deutsche Gesetzgebung lässt sowohl dem Kraftfahrer als auch der medizinisch-psychologischen Beurteilung weite Spielräume. So ist eine differenzierte Exploration des kognitiven Leistungsvermögens, der Alltagskompetenz, der Verhaltenskontrolle und der Ressourcen des Betroffenen erforderlich. Erst dann kann eine differenzierte Beratung hinsichtlich der Fahreignung erfolgen. Dies ist eine Herausforderung, für die die Neuropsychologie mit ihrer Kompetenz zum Einsatz quantitativer und qualitativer diagnostischer Verfahren und der Beratung zur Alltagsbewältigung bei hirnorganisch bedingten Behinderungen gut gerüstet ist.


Summary: More and more diagnostics and counselling in dementia are confronted with the evaluation of driving competence. Even though it definitely declines until it get lost a consensus of criteria which leads to the revocation of a driver's license is missing. International studies report partly different results. German law is liberal, therefore physicians and psychologists just as the driver themselves have got the responsibility to decide about driving performance. Due to the lack of valid criteria in the determination of driving competence in dementia the neuropsychological assessment of cognitive functioning just as the exploration of neurobehavioral dysfunction, the activities in daily living and the functional competences are essential. This differentiated exploration provides a baseline for decision-making. For this task neuropsychologists are well prepared with the competence to apply psychometric assessment and with the special experience to give recommendations to cope with neurocognitive disabilities from a neuropsychological view.

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