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Originalarbeit

Effektivität digitaler Pflegeanwendungen bei Pflegebedürftigen im häuslichen Umfeld

Ein systematisches Review

Published Online:February 27, 2024https://doi.org/10.1024/1012-5302/a000983

Abstract

Zusammenfassung:Hintergrund: Die steigende Zahl Pflegebedürftiger stellt Gesundheitssysteme zunehmend vor Herausforderungen. Im Juni 2021 wurden digitale Pflegeanwendungen (DiPA) in den Leistungskatalog der gesetzlichen Pflegekassen in Deutschland aufgenommen. Diese sollen einer Verschlimmerung der Pflegebedürftigkeit entgegenwirken und/oder die Selbstständigkeit Pflegebedürftiger im häuslichen Umfeld unterstützen. Ziel: Ziel war es, national und international verfügbare Evidenz zur Effektivität von DiPA, entsprechend der Definition des Bundesinstituts für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte (BfArM), systematisch zu erfassen und aufzubereiten. Methode: Die Übersichtsarbeit wurde nach dem PRISMA-Statement mittels systematischer Recherchen in den Datenbanken Medline und Cinahl durchgeführt und durch eine umfassende Handsuche ergänzt (08/2022). Die Studienqualität wurde mit dem Risk of Bias Tool (RoB2) bewertet. Die Ergebnissynthese erfolgte narrativ. Ergebnisse: Es wurden acht randomisierte kontrollierte Studien eingeschlossen. Studienergebnisse zeigten Verbesserungen der Kognition, der Aktivitäten des täglichen Lebens und der Mobilität Pflegebedürftiger. Die Studienqualität ist aufgrund vorwiegend unverblindeter Studiendesigns und kleinen Fallzahlen niedrig bis moderat. Schlussfolgerungen: Die aktuell verfügbare Evidenz bietet weder den Herstellenden von DiPA noch den zuständigen Akteur_innen im Gesundheitswesen eine belastbare Grundlage zur Bewertung des Nutzens von DiPA. Weiterer Forschungsbedarf zur Effektivität von DiPA besteht. Insbesondere sind qualitativ hochwertige Studien notwendig, um das Potenzial von DiPA für den deutschen Pflegesektor abschätzen zu können.


The effectiveness of digital care applications in people with need of home care: A systematic review

Abstract:Background: The growing need for long-term care poses challenges for healthcare systems. In June 2021, digital care applications (DiPA) were introduced as a new service in the statutory long-term care insurance in Germany. Their aim is to counteract the increased care need and/or support independence in the home. Aim: This project systematically identified and reported on national and international evidence on DiPA effectiveness, as described by the Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM). Methods: The systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA statement by means of systematic searches in the databases Medline and Cinahl, and supplemented by an extensive manual search (08/2022). Study quality was assessed using the Risk of Bias Tool (RoB2). The results were synthesized narratively. Results: Eight randomized controlled studies were included; improvements in cognition, activities of daily living, and mobility in home care patients, were reported. Study quality was low to moderate, due to mostly unblinded study designs and low case numbers. Conclusions: The currently available evidence fails to provide a reliable basis for assessing the benefits of DiPA, to neither DiPA manufacturers, nor to responsible parties in the healthcare system. Further research on DiPA effectiveness, particularly with high-quality studies, are necessary to assess its potential in the German care sector.

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