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Originalarbeiten

Alkoholkonsum in der Adoleszenz - soziale und individuelle Einflussfaktoren

Published Online:September 01, 2006https://doi.org/10.1024/1422-4917.33.4.273

Abstract

Zusammenfassung:Fragestellung: Der Einfluss verschiedener sozialer und individueller Faktoren auf den Alkoholkonsum Jugendlicher wurde geprüft. Methodik: Mit Hilfe einer ursprünglich 384 Probanden umfassenden, prospektiven Längsschnittstudie wurde die psychische Entwicklung von der Geburt bis zum Jugendalter untersucht. Als Variablen im Jugendalter wurden erfasst: 1) der Alkoholkonsum mit 16 Jahren, 2) die Sensitivität gegenüber der Wirkung von Alkohol, 3) Temperament, 4) der Kontakt zu Gleichaltrigen, 5) das elterliche Erziehungsverhalten und 6) psychische Auffälligkeiten. Ergebnisse: Die Mehrheit der Jugendlichen (97%) konsumierte Alkohol, 24% mindestens einmal wöchentlich. Soziale Faktoren (wie der negative Einfluss der Peers, elterliches Erziehungsverhalten) und individuelle Faktoren (wie die Sensitivität gegenüber der Wirkung von Alkohol, Temperamentsmerkmale und psychische Auffälligkeiten) sagten die Menge des monatlich konsumierten Alkohols im Alter von 16 Jahren voraus. Schlussfolgerungen: Gefährdete Jugendliche sollten frühzeitig identifiziert werden. Zur Prävention eignen sich Maßnahmen zur Stärkung der Eltern, Verringerung des Kontakts zu sozial auffälligen Jugendlichen und ein Training zur Verbesserung der Körperwahrnehmung und Alkoholsensitivität.


Alcohol consumption in adolescence - social and individual influential factors

Summary:Objective: To examine the influence of several social and individual factors on adolescent alcohol consumption. Methods: A prospective longitudinal study was carried out to investigate the mental development from birth to adolescence in a cohort consisting originally of 384 children. Six different variables were assessed: alcohol consumption at the age of 16 years, sensitivity to alcohol, temperament, peer influence, parental educational behaviour, and mental disorders. Results: The majority of adolescents (97%) consumed alcohol, 24% did so at least once a week. Social factors (like negative peer influence or parental educational behaviour) and individual factors (like sensitivity to alcohol, temperament or mental disorders) predicted the amount of alcohol consumed per month at the age of 16 years. Conclusions: Early identification of at-risk adolescents appears to be essential. Successful preventive strategies include support for parental education, reduction of negative peer influence, and training in order to enhance one’s perception of one’s own body and sensitivity to alcohol.

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