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Neuropsychologie der Schizophrenie

Published Online:February 28, 2015https://doi.org/10.1024/1661-4747/a000061

Abstract

Zusammenfassung. Beeinträchtigungen im Bereich der basalen aber auch der sozialen Kognitionen treten weitgehend verlaufsstabil bei mehr als 75 % der schizophren Erkrankten auf und sind auch schon bei Hochrisikogruppen nachweisbar. Daher werden kognitive Störungen nicht mehr nur als Epiphänomene der Schizophrenie angesehen, sondern als Bestandteil der Kernsymptomatik schizophrener Erkrankungen betrachtet und zunehmend im Hinblick auf deren ätiopathogenetische Bedeutung als Vulnerabilitätsfaktoren und ‹Endophänotypen› diskutiert. Besondere klinische Relevanz erhalten kognitive Beeinträchtigungen durch ihre negativen Auswirkungen auf das psychosoziale Funktionsniveau und die Lebensqualität der Betroffenen. Da bisherige, primär auf eine Reduktion von Positiv- und Negativsymptomatik abzielende Therapiemaßnahmen nur marginale Verbesserungen kognitiver Leistungen erzielen, ruhen die Hoffnungen auf derzeit in der Entwicklung und Evaluation befindlichen gezielten kognitiven Rehabilitationsprogrammen.


Neuropsychology of Schizophrenia

Abstract. Impairments in basic and social cognitive functions are found in about 75 % of schizophrenia patients. These impairments are stable across the course of the disorder, being already present in high-risk groups. Thus, cognitive disorders are no longer treated as epiphenomena of schizophrenia, but are conceptualized as core components of schizophrenia and are discussed with respect to their etiopathological relevance as vulnerability factors and ‹endophenotypes›. The high clinical relevance of cognitive impairments results from their negative impact on the psychosocial functioning of schizophrenia patients and their quality of life. As traditional treatment primarily addressing positive and negative symptoms only marginally affects cognitive performance, improvements are anticipated from targeted cognitive remediation programs currently under development and evaluation.

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