Ein Video-Set zur experimentellen Untersuchung von Emotionen bei sozialen Interaktionen: Validierung und erste Daten zu neuronalen Effekten
Abstract
Soziale Interaktionen sind vielschichtig und stellen häufige Auslöser für positive aber auch negative Emotionen im Alltag dar. Viele Psychopathologien sind zudem von gestörter Sozialinteraktion gekennzeichnet. Laborexperimentelle Ansätze, welche neurowissenschaftliche Untersuchungen ermöglichen, verwenden häufig Bilder von emotionalen Gesichtern, die präzise Präsentationsbedingungen ermöglichen und die interne Validität solcher Experimente maximieren. Allerdings wird dadurch die Reichhaltigkeit sozialer Interaktion und damit auch die externe Validität reduziert. In der vorliegenden Studie wird ein Kompromiss zwischen interner und externer Validität bei der Untersuchung sozialer Interaktion gesucht. Wir stellen das Video-Set «E.Vids» vor, in dem zehn Darsteller jeweils acht kurze, auf den Betrachter bezogene positive und negative sowie neutrale Aussagen machen (240 Videos). In einer Internet-basierten Validierungsstudie (N = 310) wurden die Videos sowohl auf dimensionalen (Valenz, Arousal) als auch auf diskreten Emotionskategorien untersucht. Es zeigte sich eine klare Unterscheidung der Aussagekategorien in Bezug auf Valenz und Arousal. Spezifisch wurden sozialrelevante emotionsbezogene Zustände wie Stolz, Anerkennung, Ablehnung und Peinlichkeit sowie Grundemotionen wie Ärger und Freude ausgelöst. Eine EEG-Studie (N = 23) zeigte negativere rechts-frontotemporale langsame Potentiale für die negativen Sätze im Vergleich zu neutralen Sätzen. E.Vids könnte die verhaltensbasierte und neurowissenschaftliche Erforschung sozialer Interaktion im deutschsprachigen Raum bereichern und zur Untersuchung sozialrelevanter emotionaler Defizite bei verschiedenen psychischen Störungen beitragen.
Social interactions are complex and frequently trigger positive and negative emotional reactions. Several psychopathologies are characterized by disordered social interaction patterns. Experimental approaches in neuroscience employ emotional faces allowing high control over stimulus and presentation timing and thereby maximizing the internal validity of these studies. The flip side of this approach is lower external validity because of poor mapping of the complexity of social interaction. In the present study we propose a compromise between internal and external validity in the study of social interactions. We present a set of video clips, ‘E.Vids’ in which ten actors each make eight short positive, negative and neutral statements towards the observer, resulting in 240 film clips. Data from a web-based validation study (N = 310) show that a broad spectrum of socially relevant (e. g., pride, approval, disapproval, embarrassment) and basic emotions (e. g., anger, happiness) is activated and that positive, neutral, and negative sentences are reliably discriminated on valence and arousal dimensions. An EEG study (N = 23) further demonstrates enhanced negativity on right frontotemporal slow wave potentials for negative relative to neutral sentences. E.Vids could inspire behavioral and neuroscientific study of social interaction in German speaking countries and could be used to characterize social deficits in several psychopathologies.
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