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Themenschwerpunkt

Familienzeit als Schutzfaktor für emotionale Probleme und Verhaltensprobleme von Kindern und Jugendlichen mit Diabetes mellitus Typ 1

Published Online:September 21, 2020https://doi.org/10.1024/1661-4747/a000423

Abstract

Zusammenfassung. Diabetes mellitus Typ 1 ist eine chronische Erkrankung, die oftmals im Kindesalter diagnostiziert wird und bei betroffenen Kindern mit einem erhöhten Risiko für diabetesbedingte emotionale Belastung und Verhaltensauffälligkeiten einhergeht. Familiäre Beziehungen spielen im Alltag diabeteskranker Kinder eine zentrale Rolle. Ziel dieser querschnittlichen Studie war es, zu untersuchen, inwieweit die Quantität gemeinsamer Eltern-Kind-Zeit als Schutzfaktor angesehen werden kann und mit weniger emotionalen Problemen und Verhaltensauffälligkeiten des Kindes assoziiert ist. Wir gingen davon aus, dass die Eltern-Kind-Zeit vor allem dann als Schutzfaktor wirkt, wenn die gemeinsame Zeit als zufriedenstellend erlebt wird und keine diabetesbezogenen Eltern-Kind-Konflikte die gemeinsame Zeit beeinträchtigen. Es nahmen 83 Familien an der Studie teil. Die Eltern und das an Diabetes erkrankte Kind beantworteten unabhängig voneinander Fragen über kindliche emotionale Probleme bzw. Verhaltensprobleme, Fragen zur Eltern-Kind-Zeit und zu diabetesbezogenen Konflikten. Mehr Eltern-Kind-Zeit war mit weniger kindlichen Verhaltensproblemen aus Elternsicht korreliert. In Strukturgleichungsmodellen zeigte sich, dass diabetesbezogene Konflikte aus Kindersicht sowohl den Zusammenhang zwischen gemeinsamer Eltern-Kind-Zeit und emotionalen Problemen aus Kindersicht als auch zwischen gemeinsamer Eltern-Kind-Zeit und Verhaltensproblemen aus Elternsicht moderierten. Zudem fand sich ein Moderationseffekt für die elterliche Zufriedenheit auf den Zusammenhang zwischen Eltern-Kind-Zeit und Verhaltensproblemen aus Sicht der Eltern. Die Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass Kinder vor allem in den Familien von Eltern-Kind-Zeit profitieren, in denen weniger diabetesbezogene Konflikte auftreten. Praktische Implikationen für die Elternberatung und systemische Familientherapie werden diskutiert.


Family time as a protective factor for emotional and behavioral problems of children and adolescents with diabetes mellitus type I

Abstract. Diabetes mellitus type I is a chronic disease, often diagnosed in childhood and associated with an increased risk of diabetes-related emotional and behavioral problems. This cross-sectional study investigated whether the quantity of parent-child time spent together is associated with fewer emotional and behavioral problems of the child. We hypothesized that parent-child time is a protective factor if the time spent together is experienced as satisfactory and without diabetes-related conflicts. A group of 83 families participated in the study. Parents and children independently completed questionnaires about child emotional and behavioral problems, parent-child time, and diabetes-related conflicts. More parent-child time was correlated with fewer child behavioral problems from the parents' perspective. Structural equation models showed that child-reported diabetes-related conflicts moderated the link between parent-child time and child-reported emotional problems as well as between parent-child time and parent-reported child behavioral problems. In addition, we found a moderation effect for parental satisfaction for the link between parent-child time and behavioral problems from the parents' perspective. The results suggest that children benefit most from parent-child time in families where fewer diabetes-related conflicts occur. Practical implications for parent counselling and systemic family therapy are discussed.

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