Geropsychology in Spain
Abstract
Spain, like other developed countries, has witnessed exponential growth in the number of older persons, and it has made great efforts to address this new social situation, gradually developing an extensive network for supporting not only dependent persons, but also healthy retired people with new demands. In order to better understand the situation with respect to aging, this chapter provides some demographic indicators illustrating the current structure of Spain’s aging population. The second and third sections outline the main research areas in Spain and the resources available for older adults. With regard to research on aging, there has been a considerable increase in the number of both research projects and publications in the Spanish context, particularly from the 1980s to the present. Most of the studies are aimed at assessing the different characteristics and conditions of senior citizens. This is a good first step with a view toward identifying their demands, though more research is necessary for making crucial changes. On the subject of resources and services, Spain has developed a wide variety of resources designed to meet the needs of both independent and dependent older adults. Finally, it should always be borne in mind that social needs change over time, so that they must be continuously studied and reappraised – and our respective responses updated – in order to maintain standards of excellence.
References
(2012). Un perfil de las personas mayores en España, 2012. Indicadores estadísticos básicos [
A profile of older people in Spain, 2012. Basic statistical indicators ]. Madrid, Informes Portal Mayores, n° 131. Retrieved from www.imsersomayores.csic.es/documentos/documentos/pm-indicadoresbasicos1 2.pdf(1990). Psychological perspectives on successful aging: The model of selective optimization with compensation. In P. B. Baltes M. M. BaltesEds., Successful aging: Perspectives from the behavioral sciences (pp. 1–35). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
(2010). Peeking through the cracks: An assessment of the prevalence, clinical characteristics and health-related quality of life (HRQol) of people with polypathology in a hospital setting. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 51, 185–191.
(2011). Differences in cognitive performance, level of dependency and quality of life (QoL), related to age and cognitive status in a sample of Spanish old adults under and over 80 years of age. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 53, 292–297.
. (2010). Informe de la I + D + I sobre envejecimiento [
Report of the I + D + I on aging ]. Madrid: Author.(2008). Social integration and functional skills in older adults. Universitas Psychologica, 7, 263–270.
(2010). Valores subjetivos de las dimensiones de calidad de vida en adultos mayores [
Subjective values of quality of life dimensions in older adults ]. Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología, 45(2), 67–71.. (2009). Un perfil de las personas mayores en España, 2009. Indicadores estadísticos básicos [
A profile of older people in Spain, 2009. Basic statistical indicators ]. Madrid, Portal Mayores, Informes Portal Mayores, n° 97. Retrieved from www.imsersomayores.csic.es/documentos/documentos/pmindicadoresbasi cos09.pdf(2011). An e-health platform for the elderly population: The butler system. Computers and Education, 56, 275–279.
. (2007). Europe in figures: Eurostat yearbook 2006–07. Luxemburg: Publications Office of the European Union.
. (2011). Demography report 2010: Older, more numerous and diverse Europeans. Luxemburg: Publications Office of the European Union.
. (2012). Active aging and solidarity between generations: A statistical portrait of the European Union 2012. Luxemburg: European Communities.
(2007). Aportaciones de la estimulación cognitiva a la calidad de vida de las personas mayores [
Contributions of Cognitive stimulation to the quality of life of the older adults ]. In II Congreso Internacional de Gerontología: La gerontología de hoy y del futuro, San José: Costa Rica.(1993). The construct of quality of life among the elderly. In E. Beregi I. A. Gergely K. RajziEds., Recent advances in aging and science (pp. 1627–1630). Milano: Monduzzi Ed.
(1996). Sistema de evaluación de residencias de ancianos (SERA) [
Evaluation systems of residential settings ]. Madrid: INSERSO.(2011). Quality of life in old age: Problematic issues. Applied Research Quality Life. doi 10.1007/s11482-010-9110-x.
(2012). Quality of life in Mexico and in Spain. In S. Chen J. L. PowellEds., International perspectives on aging and social wellfare: A global analysis. New York, NY: Nova.
(1991). Evaluation of residential programs for the elderly in Spain and the United States. Evaluation Practice, 12, 159–164.
(1998). Personal and environmental relationships among the elderly living in residential settings. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 26, 185–198.
(1993). Calidad de vida en la vejez [
Quality of life in the elderly ]. Revista de Intervención Psicosocial, 5, 77–94.(1999). Aging in Spain. In J. J. F. Schroots R. Fernández-Ballesteros R. RudingerEds., Aging in Europe (pp. 107–123). Amsterdam: IOS Press.
(2010). Aging and quality of life. International Encyclopedia of Rehabilitation. Retrieved from cirrie.buffalo.edu/encyclopedia/contents.php?language=en
(1996). El Cuestionario Breve de Calidad de Vida (CUBRECAVI). Calidad de vida en la vejez en distintos contextos [
The Brief Questionnaire of Quality of Life (CUBRECAVI). Quality of life in old age in different contexts ]. Madrid: IMSERSO.(2007). Cuestionario Breve para la Calidad de Vida [
Brief Questionnaire of Quality of Life ]. Madrid: TEA.(1996). Calidad de vida en la vejez en distintos contextos [
Quality of life among the elderly in different contexts ]. Madrid: INSERSO.(2008). Population and social conditions. In Eurostat (72/2008), Statistic in focus. Luxemburg: European Communities.
(2008). Gerontología y geriatría en España; Análisis bibliométrico del período 1981–2005 [
Gerontology and Geriatrics in Spain. Bibliometric analysis from 1981 to 2005 ]. In INFORME 2008/las personas mayores en España. Madrid: IMSERSO (405–426). Retrieved from www.imsersomayores.csic.es/documentos/documentos/pmindicadoresbasicos0 9.pdf(2011). Adaptation and validation of the Osteoarthritis Knee and Hip Quality of Life (OAKHQOL) questionnaire for use in patients with osteoarthritis in Spain. Clinical Rheumatology, 30, 1563–1575.
(2009). Quality of life two years after radical prostatectomy, prostate brachytherapy or external beam radiotherapy for clinically localized prostate cancer: The Catalan Institute of Oncology/Bellvitge Hospital experience. Clinical and Translational Oncology, 11, 470–478.
. (2006). Anuario Estadístico de España 2006. Madrid: Author.
. (2008). Encuesta de discapacidad, autonomía personal y situaciones de dependencia: EDAD, 2008 [
Survey of disability, personal autonomy, and situations of dependency ]. Madrid: Author.. (2012). España en cifras 2012. INE, 121. Madrid: Author.
(2007). Factors associated with health-related quality of life among hemodialysis patients in the DOPPS. Quality of Life Research, 16, 545–557.
(2011). The Spanish version of the Dementia Quality of Life Questionnaire: A validation study. Aging and Mental Health, 15, 482–489.
(2010). Loss of quality of life in family caregivers of stroke patients: An entity to be considered. Revista de Calidad Asistencial, 25, 356–364.
(2011). The physical and psychomotor activity in the elderly: Their contributions to active, healthy and successful aging. Textos & Contextos (Porto Alegre), 10(1), 179–192.
(2011). Good health is not the same as a good life: Survey results from Brandon, Manitoba. Social Indicators Research. doi 10.1007/s11205-011-9854-1
(2011). Socioeconomic status and health-related quality of life of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respiration, 82, 402–408.
(1996). Evaluating residential facilities. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publishers.
(2010). Síndrome de temor a caerse en personas mayores de 65 años con mareos de repetición: Estudio descriptivo. Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología, 45, 274–277.
(2011). Life-course socioeconomic position and change in quality of life among older adults: Evidence for the role of a critical period, accumulation of exposure and social mobility. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 65, 964–971.
(2011). Information and communication technology systems to improve quality of life and safety of Alzheimer’s disease patients: A multicenter international survey. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 23(1), 131–141. Retrieved from search.proquest.com/docview/856410009?accountid=14478
(2007). Teaching, research, and application of geropsychology in Europe: Report from the Task Force of the European Federation of Psychologists’ Associations on Geropsychology. European Psychologist, 12, 229–233.
(2010). Enhancing the communication flow between Alzheimer patients, caregivers, and neuropsychologists. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 680, 601–607.
(2005). Developmental influences on adult intelligence. The Seattle Longitudinal Study. New York: Oxford University Press.
(2009). Health enhancing strength training in nonagenarians (STRONG): Rationale, design and methods. BMC Public Health, 9, 152.
(2010). Development of an objective instrument to assess quality of life in social services: Reliability and validity in Spain. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 10(1), 105–123.
. (2002). Active ageing. A policy framework. Geneva: World Health Organization.
