Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Networking umschreibt ein Syndrom von Verhaltensweisen, die Personen zu Aufbau, Pflege und Nutzung sozialer Beziehungen im beruflichen Kontext zeigen. Die Relevanz des Konstrukts beruht auf dem vermuteten positiven Einfluss, den Networking auf den beruflichen Erfolg ausübt. In diesem Beitrag wird auf der Basis der psychologischen Literatur zu Networking und der soziologischen Literatur zu sozialem Kapital eine Networkingskala entwickelt und in insgesamt drei Studien werden Struktur und Validität der Skala geprüft. Die Ergebnisse von multidimensionaler Skalierung (Studie 1) und konfirmatorischer Faktorenanalyse (Studie 2) bestätigen die postulierte Binnendifferenzierung von Networking durch zwei Facetten, 1) internes vs. externes Networking sowie 2) Aufbau vs. Pflege vs. Nutzung von Kontakten. Durch die Kreuzung der Facetten entstehen sechs Subskalen, die sich zu einer Gesamtskala zusammenfassen lassen. Für die Skala ergeben sich diskriminante Zusammenhänge mit Maßen, die Größe und Constraint von sozialen Netzwerken beschreiben. Auf Seiten der Determinanten von Networking zeigen sich theoriekonforme Zusammenhänge mit Konstrukten, die den beruflichen Fokus von Networking (z.B. Karriereorientierung) sowie die soziale Komponente von Networking (z.B. Extraversion) belegen.
Abstract. Networking circumscribes a syndrome of behaviors aimed at building, maintaining, and using social relations in the occupational context. The construct is of relevance, because it is assumed that networking has a positive effect on career success. This paper describes the development of a networking scale, based on the psychological literature on networking as well as the sociological literature on social capital. Scale structure and validity are tested in three studies. Results of a multidimensional scaling analysis (study 1) and confirmatory factor analysis (study 2) support the two facet structure of the scale, 1) internal vs. external networking and 2) building vs. maintaining vs. using contacts. Combining the two facets results in six subscales that can be summated into a general networking scale. With regard to scale validity, distinct relations to social network measures of network size and network constraint are shown. Furthermore, relations between networking and vocational (e.g. occupational goals) as well as social aspects (e.g. extraversion) can be confirmed.
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