Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Die vorliegende Längsschnittstudie untersucht die Realisierung von Entwicklungsaufgaben zu zwei Zeitpunkten im jungen Erwachsenenalter. An einer Stichprobe von N = 102 Probanden wurde der gegenwärtige Entwicklungsstand und die intendierte Entwicklungsnorm in acht alterstypischen Entwicklungsaufgaben überprüft. Drei Entwicklungsaufgaben von besonderer Wichtigkeit (Partnerschaft, Berufseinstieg und Gründung eines eigenen Haushalts) wurden genauer analysiert. Zwei verschiedene Modelle zum Zusammenhang zwischen Entwicklungsstand und Entwicklungsnorm, das Realisierungsmodell (je höher die Entwicklungsnorm, desto höher der Grad der Realisierung) und das Adjustierungsmodell (die Entwicklungsnorm wird in Abhängigkeit des Entwicklungsstands adjustiert) wurden geprüft. Die Ergebnisse sprechen für die Bereichsspezifität der Modelle, zeigen jedoch auch die Bedeutung von Entwicklungsfristen auf. Der Entwicklungsstand im Alter von 23 Jahren ließ sich erwartungsgemäß durch den Entwicklungsstand zwei Jahre zuvor sowie durch soziodemografische Variablen vorhersagen. Die Ergebnisse bestätigen eine der zentralen Thesen Havighursts (1948), dass Entwicklungsaufgaben zeitlich aufeinander aufbauen.
Abstract. In a longitudinal study, developmental progression at two times in young adulthood was investigated in a sample of N = 102 participants. Current developmental status as well as intended developmental norms were analyzed with respect to eight age-specific developmental tasks. Three developmental tasks of major importance, namely partnership, leaving home, and onset of professional employment, were analysed in detail. Two different models of the association between developmental status and developmental norm were identified, the model of realization (an increase in developmental norms leads to an increase of the developmental status) and the model of adjustment (the developmental norm will be adjusted according to the current developmental status). Depending on specific tasks, the findings support both models of adjustment, but also highlight the strong impact of developmental deadlines. The developmental status at the age of 23 years was predicted by the developmental status two years before, as well as by socio-demographic variables. Results show that the realization of different developmental tasks is strongly dependent on earlier developmental status, one of the most central hypotheses of Havighurst (1948).
Literatur
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