Abstract
Zusammenfassung. In der vorliegenden Studie wird der Frage nachgegangen, ob sich zwischen beliebten, durchschnittlichen, unbeachteten und zurückgewiesenen Kindern Unterschiede in spezifischen kognitiven und motorischen Fähigkeiten finden lassen. Zu drei verschiedenen Zeitpunkten wurden mit 177 regulär eingeschulten 7-jährigen Kindern Peernominationen und Peerratings erhoben, um reliable soziometrische Daten zu erhalten und ein Vergleich der beiden Methoden vorzunehmen. Außerdem wurde eine umfassende Testbatterie von insgesamt 20 Aufgaben in den Bereichen Informationsverarbeitungsgeschwindigkeit, Kurzzeit- und Arbeitsgedächtnis, Inhibition, Sprache und Motorik durchgeführt. Mit Ausnahme der Kurzzeitgedächtniskapazität wurden für alle Funktionsbereiche signifikante Unterschiede zwischen den Statusgruppen gefunden. Die kontinuierlichen soziometrischen Werte der Ratingmethode zeigten sich etwas sensitiver als die der Nominationsmethode. Korrelativ wurde mit beiden Methoden ersichtlich, dass bessere Leistungen im kognitiven und motorischen Bereich nicht nur mit mehr Beliebtheit zusammenhingen, sondern auch, dass schlechte Leistungen in Verbindung standen mit sozialer Zurückweisung.
Abstract. In the present study, it was investigated whether popular, average, neglected, and rejected children differ with respect to specific cognitive and motor skills. Peer nomination and peer rating methods were used at three different points in time to obtain reliable sociometric data of 177 regularly enrolled 7-year-old children and to compare the two methods. Furthermore, a battery comprising 21 tasks was used to assess speed of information processing, short-term and working memory, inhibition, language, and motor skills. Significant differences were found between children of different status groups with respect to all studied abilities with the exception of short-term memory. The continuous sociometric scores of the rating method resulted to be slightly more sensitive than those obtained with the nomination method. However, correlative analyses with both methods showed that better performance on the cognitive and motor tasks was associated with popularity, whereas worse performance was related to social rejection.
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