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Längsschnittstudien

Bedingungsfaktoren eines frühen Erstkonsumalters von Tabak

Published Online:February 21, 2008https://doi.org/10.1026/0942-5403.17.1.14

Abstract

Zusammenfassung. Bedingungsfaktoren eines frühzeitigen Beginns des Tabakkonsums, der als einer der besten Prädiktoren einer späteren Tabakabhängigkeit gilt, sollen überprüft und auf ihren Zusammenhang hin untersucht werden. In einer Längsschnittstudie an einer Geburtskohorte von 384 Risikokindern wurden das psychosoziale Risiko, das mütterliche Rauchen in der Schwangerschaft, der elterliche Tabak- und Alkoholkonsum sowie externale Verhaltensauffälligkeiten von Geburt bis zum Jugendalter erhoben. Mit 15 Jahren wurde das Alter beim ersten Tabakkonsum erfragt und mittels Überlebenszeitanalysen vorhergesagt. Jugendliche, die früh Zigaretten probierten, kamen eher aus Familien mit einer hohen psychosozialen Belastung, wobei dieser Einfluss über mehr externale Verhaltensauffälligkeiten vermittelt wurde. Ein starker täglicher Tabak- sowie ein riskanter Alkoholkonsum der Eltern erwiesen sich ebenfalls als Risikofaktoren für einen frühzeitigen Rauchbeginn der Kinder. Das elterliche Rauchen fungierte als Mediator für den Einfluss des mütterlichen Rauchens in der Schwangerschaft sowie der psychosozialen Belastung. Ein frühes Einstiegsalter in den Tabakkonsum kann als Folge genereller Risikofaktoren für die Entwicklung von Verhaltens- und Suchtproblemen interpretiert werden.


Factors predisposing to early onset of tobacco use

Abstract. The aim of this study is to examine social and individual factors predisposing to early onset of tobacco use in adolescence as being one of the best predictors for later tobacco dependence. In a longitudinal study of a birth cohort of 384 children at various risks the following characteristics were assessed: family environment, maternal smoking during pregnancy, parental tobacco and alcohol use, and child behaviour problems during infancy and early adolescence. At 15 years, the age at which individuals smoke their first cigarette was established and predicted further by means of survival analysis. Early onset of tobacco use was characterized by greater family adversity mediated by more externalizing behavior. Heavy parental tobacco smoking and hazardous alcohol drinking during infancy and early adolescence of the child were risk factors for early smoking onset in the offspring. Parental smoking acted as a mediator between maternal smoking during pregnancy, family adversity, and age at onset of tobacco use. Early onset of smoking has to be considered as a result of general risk factors for the development of behavioral and substance use problems.

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