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Grundlagen

Wie Babys vom Gesichtsausdruck der Mutter lernen

Eine experimentelle Untersuchung zur familialen Transmission von Ängsten

Published Online:January 22, 2010https://doi.org/10.1026/0942-5403/a000002

Abstract

Ätiologiemodelle zur Entstehung von Angststörungen messen neben genetischen Faktoren Umwelterfahrungen eine besondere Bedeutung bei. Anhand eines Messwiederholungsdesigns wurde geprüft, ob die mütterliche Stimmung, die durch Videoausschnitte mit beängstigenden oder neutralem Charakter experimentell manipuliert wurde, das Verhalten des Kindes (8 – 13 Monate) in einer für das Kind ambivalenten Situation, der visuellen Klippe, beeinflusst. Es wurden 25 Mutter-Kind-Paare in die Studie einbezogen. Eine Regressionsanalyse zeigte, dass das Temperament des Kindes und habituelle Depression der Mutter signifikante Prädiktoren für das Verhalten des Kleinkindes in der visuellen Klippe waren. Darüber hinaus zeigte sich tendenziell die akute negative Befindlichkeit der Mutter als Prädiktor. Die Ergebnisse weisen auf die Bedeutung mütterlicher Befindlichkeit und Temperamentsmerkmalen für das Verhalten von Kleinkindern in ambivalenten und unvertrauten Situationen hin.


Learning from mother’s face: An experimental examination of the transgenerational transmission of anxiety

In addition to genetic factors, etiological models of anxiety disorders underscore the importance of observational learning in the development of anxiety. The present study examines the transgenerational transmission of anxiety disorders using an experimental repeated measures design. We used the visual cliff paradigm to study the relationship between maternal emotions and infant’s social referencing behavior in an ambiguous situation. Our data, collected from 25 mothers with their 8-13-month-old infants, indicated that infants’ temperament and mothers’ depressive mood explained a significant amount of variance in infants’ behavior. Further, increases in “strain” and “anxiety” by trend had additional effects on infants’ behavior. Findings indicate the relevance of mothers’ mental state and infants’ temperament for infant behavior in ambivalent and unfamiliar situations.

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