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Grundlagen

Wie psychisch belastet fühlen sich Jugendliche mit selbstverletzendem Verhalten?

Published Online:December 02, 2011https://doi.org/10.1026/0942-5403/a000067

Abstract

In den letzten Jahren wurden zahlreiche Prävalenzstudien zum selbstverletzenden Verhalten bei Heranwachsenden in unterschiedlichen Ländern veröffentlicht. Aus der Schweiz liegen jedoch keine belastbaren Zahlen vor. Kritisch ist bei der Vielzahl der Studien anzumerken, dass sich diese oft auf ein „einfaches“ Feststellen der Prävalenz beschränken und kaum Hinweise für eine effektive Frühintervention geben. Im Rahmen einer epidemiologischen Fragebogenuntersuchung im Kanton Basel-Stadt wurden 447 Schüler (M = 14.95 Jahre, SD = 0.74, 52 % männlich) untersucht. Neben der Erfassung der Form und Art der Selbstverletzung wurde auch die psychische Belastung der Schüler erfasst. Es sollte überprüft werden, wie viele Selbstverletzer sich im Screening für psychische Störungen (SPS-J) als psychisch belastet beschreiben. 61 (13.6 %) Jugendliche gaben an, sich bereits mindestens einmal selbstverletzt zu haben. 29 (6.4 %) haben sich im letzten Monat selbst verletzt, 4 davon häufiger als viermal. Die Ergebnisse bestätigten die hohen Prävalenzraten für selbstverletzendes Verhalten. Interessant ist, dass Selbstverletzer im Schnitt zwar wesentlich höhere Werte im SPS-J erzielten, sich aber bei weitem nicht alle als psychisch auffällig beschrieben (18 von 61 selbstverletzenden Jugendlichen erzielten unauffällige Werte). Für eine effektivere Identifikation sollten daher Fragen zum selbstverletzenden Verhalten in psychopathologische Screeningfragebögen integriert werden, um diese Symptomatik adäquat abbilden zu können. Die Ergebnisse und die hohen Prävalenzen legen nahe, dass verschiedene Subgruppen von Selbstverletzern existieren, die passgenaue Hilfen für ihre Symptomatik benötigen.


How psychologically burden are adolescents with self-injurious behavior?

During the last years many studies about prevalence rates in non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) have been published. From Switzerland, however, there were no reliable data about the frequency of NSSI in adolescents till now. In consideration of the many studies that were concerned about NSSI in adolescents it has to be pointed out critically that most of them just reported the data but rarely gave any further descriptions about the groups of self-injurers and therefore these studies were unable to advise on effective prevention or intervention. In the context of an epidemiological study about NSSI in the Kanton Basel-Stadt, 447 pupils (M = 14.95 years, SD = 0.74, 52 % male) from various educational settings were assessed using several questionnaires. Despite the manner and form of the NSSI, the mental burden has been examined and it has been explored how many of the non-suicidal self-injurers described themselves as mentally burdened. The Modified Ottawa Ulm Self Injury Inventory MOUSI was used to assess NSSI symptomatology and the German Version of the Reynolds Adolescent Adjustment Screening Inventory (RAASI) for mental health screening. Of all the students, 61 (13.6 %) harmed themselves at least once, 29 (6.4 %) harmed themselves in the last month, and 4 of them four times or more. The results confirm the high prevalence rates of NSSI found in other studies. In the context of identification and prevention items about NSSI should be integrated in psychopathological screening-questionnaires to adequately show the burden of these adolescents. These results and the high prevalence show that different subgroups of adolescents with NSSI exist who require help that exactly fits their symptoms.

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