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Ein Schritt nach vorne?

Die Berücksichtigung des Kindes- und Jugendalters bei der Überarbeitung der trauma- und belastungsbezogenen Störungen in DSM-5 und ICD-11

Published Online:June 30, 2015https://doi.org/10.1026/0942-5403/a000169

Abstract

In diesem Artikel wird die Berücksichtigung der Entwicklungsperspektive bei den trauma- und belastungsbezogenen Störungen im DSM-5 und im Entwurf der ICD-11 erläutert. Es wird diskutiert, inwiefern die allgemeinen Kriterien der vorgeschlagenen Diagnosen auf Kinder und Jugendliche zutreffen. Darüber hinaus werden altersspezifische Erscheinungsformen dargestellt und erörtert. Die Einführung eines altersspezifischen Subtyps für Kinder bis zu sechs Jahren im DSM-5 und der Vorschlag einer neuen Diagnose, der Komplexen Posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung (KPTBS), in der ICD-11 könnten sich als wichtige Schritte in Richtung einer stärkeren Berücksichtigung der Entwicklungsperspektive bei der Diagnosestellung erweisen. Es besteht jedoch weiterhin Forschungsbedarf, um mehr Klarheit über altersspezifische Unterschiede bei den trauma- und belastungsbezogenen Störungen zu schaffen und um die Wechselwirkungen zwischen diesen Störungsbildern zu verstehen. Schließlich treten belastende Erfahrungen, Traumatisierungen, Trauerfälle und emotionale Vernachlässigung im Kindesalter sehr häufig zusammen auf.


Stress-Related Disorders Children and Adolescents: A Commentary on the Revisions of Diagnostic Criteria in DSM-5 and ICD-11

This commentary addresses the integration of a developmental perspective in the stress-related disorder section of DSM-5 and in the ICD-11 proposal. The appropriateness of the general features of the proposed diagnostic categories for children and adolescents and the specifications of age-related manifestations are discussed. The introduction of an age-related subtype for children aged 6 years or younger in DSM-5 and the proposition of a new category, complex posttraumatic stress disorder, in ICD-11 may prove to be important steps toward more developmentally sensitive diagnostic categories. Future research will need to examine the validity of the new stress-related diagnostic categories for different age groups. Moreover, given the very frequent co-occurrence of multiple forms of stress in childhood, research will also have to address the overlap and interactions between attachment, grief, and trauma-related disorders.

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