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Originalia

Wie wirken sich akkulturative Prozesse auf Wahrnehmungen aus?

Eine Studie über Konzepte von schwerwiegendem Distress bei Einwanderern und Nichteinwanderern in London

Published Online:January 20, 2010https://doi.org/10.1026/0943-8149/a000005

Abstract

Zusammenfassung. Resultate zu kulturellen Unterschieden in Krankheitswahrnehmungen legen nahe, dass diese auch Unterschiede im hilfesuchenden Verhalten erklären könnten. Diese Studie untersuchte die Wahrnehmungen von schwerem Stress (Distress) und hilfesuchendem Verhalten bei 153 Einwanderern und 113 Nichteinwanderern in England. Ein signifikant größerer Anteil von Einwanderern berichtete, dass spirituelle Faktoren die Ursache ihres Stresserlebnisses wären. Signifikant weniger Einwanderer als Nichteinwanderer sahen ihr eigenes Verhalten als Ursache des Distress, beschrieben Verhaltensänderungen (z.B. Rauchen, Alkoholkonsum) als Konsequenzen und bewerteten informelle Behandlungsmethoden als hilfreich. Es wurde weiterhin untersucht, ob es Zusammenhänge zwischen den Wahrnehmungen und der Aufenthaltsdauer bei Einwanderern gab. Eine Korrelationsanalyse ergab, dass die Aufenthaltsdauer mit einzelnen Arten von Ursachenannahmen signifikant zusammenhingen (spirituelle Ursachenglaube, verhaltensbezogene Ursachen). Es zeigten sich auch Zusammenhänge mit dem Ausmaß an informellen und formellen Behandlungsmethoden. Zusammen mit der Aufenthaltsdauer und dem Vorliegen einer psychiatrischen Auffälligkeit konnten folgende Kategorien der Distress-Wahrnehmungen die Hälfte der Varianz in der Anzahl der bisher ausprobierten Behandlungsmethoden erklären: somatische Symptome, psychosoziale Ursachen und Verhaltensveränderungen als Konsequenzen. Implikationen für gesundheitpsychologische Theorien und Anwendungen werden diskutiert.


What effect do acculturative processes have on perception? A study on the concepts of severe distress amongst migrants and non-migrants in London

Abstract. Research regarding cultural differences in illness perceptions suggests that they may explain variations in help-seeking behavior. This study examined acculturative processes and help-seeking behavior in a sample of 153 migrants and 113 non-migrants in UK. Significantly more migrants believed in spiritual causes, but fewer perceived their behavior caused their distress, fewer described behavioral consequences and found informal help-seeking sources helpful. A correlation analyses examined the association between perceptions of distress with length of stay in the UK in migrants. Significant associations were established between length of stay and perceptions about spiritual and behavioral causes as well as informal and formal help-seeking. Illness perceptions were significant determinants in a regression model of overall help-seeking in migrants: somatic symptoms, psychosocial causes and behavioral consequences. Implications for health psychological theory and application are discussed.

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