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Originalia

Kognitive Beeinträchtigungen und Depressivität im Alter

Effekte berichteter Beschwerden im Vergleich zu psychometrischen Befunden und klinischer Einschätzung

Published Online:March 05, 2013https://doi.org/10.1026/0943-8149/a000081

Abstract

Kognitive Beeinträchtigungen im Alter bedeuten nicht selten eine hohe psychische Belastung und können zu psychoreaktiven Verstimmungen führen. Wir untersuchen, inwieweit die belastenden Effekte kognitiver Verluste durch Bildungsressourcen abgemildert und ausgeglichen werden. An der Studie nahmen 201 ältere Personen teil, die das Diagnose- und Beratungsangebot des Gedächtniszentrums des Instituts für Psychogerontologie nutzten. Untersucht wurden die Zusammenhänge zwischen berichteten Beschwerden, kognitiver Leistung und Depressivität in drei Gruppen von dementen Patienten (n = 77), leicht kognitiv beeinträchtigten Patienten (MCI, n = 78) sowie nur subjektiv beeinträchtigten, gesunden Personen (n = 46). Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass unabhängig von Gesundheit, Familienstand, und Demenzdiagnose die Zusammenhänge zwischen berichteten Beschwerden und Depressivität in Abhängigkeit von Bildungseinflüssen variieren. Zwar gingen berichtete Beschwerden generell mit erhöhtem Depressivitätserleben einher, dieser Zusammenhang war aber bei höher gebildeten Personen geringer. Bildungsressourcen können somit belastende Effekte subjektiver Leistungseinbußen auf die Befindlichkeit kompensieren.


Cognitive impairment and depressive symptoms in old age: Effects of self-reported complaints compared to psychometric results and clinical diagnosis

Cognitive impairment in old age is often related to increased psychological stress and depressive symptoms. We explored to what extent effects of cognitive impairment in old age may be buffered with educational resources. In our study, 201 older adults visited a diagnostic counseling service at a gerontological research institute and reported subjective cognitive complaints. Three groups of participants were identified: patients with moderate dementia symptoms (n = 77), mildly cognitively impaired patients (n = 78), and healthy persons with only subjective cognitive impairment (n = 46). We compared associations of self-reported complaints with depressive symptoms between the groups controlling for resources and health status. Results showed that self-reported complaints were positively associated with depressive symptoms independent of cognitive performance, education, and family status. However, educational resources moderated this association: More highly educated individuals responded with fewer depressive symptoms to experiencing subjective cognitive loss. Our findings suggests that higher education may serve as a compensatory resource in coping with age-related cognitive loss.

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