Simuliertes Glücksspiel
Analyse und Synthese empirischer Literaturbefunde zu Spielen in internetbasierten sozialen Netzwerken, in Form von Demoversionen sowie Computer- und Videospielen
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. In internetbasierten sozialen Netzwerken, in Form von Demoversionen kommerzieller Spielangebote sowie Computer- und Videospielen erfreuen sich simulierte Glücksspiele, die aufgrund fehlender Geldeinsätze die formal-juristischen Kriterien für ein Glücksspiel nicht erfüllen und damit bspw. keinen Altersrestriktionen unterliegen, wachsender Beliebtheit. Ziel des Beitrages ist es, die mutmaßlichen gesundheitsrelevanten Gefährdungspotenziale dieser Spielformen durch eine Literaturrecherche aufzuzeigen, den aktuellen Kenntnisstand anhand der vorliegenden empirischen Befunde systematisch zusammenzufassen sowie mögliche Forschungslücken zu identifizieren. Die Datenbanken PubMed/MEDLINE, PsycInfo und Web of Science wurden anhand relevanter Schlagwörter nach peer-reviewten, empirischen Beiträgen durchsucht und um Dissertationen und Marktanalysen ergänzt. Insgesamt sind 56 Fundstellen in die Analyse eingeflossen. Querschnittbefragungen aus verschiedenen Ländern bestätigen die Attraktivität der Angebote, insbesondere für Kinder und Jugendliche. Während spielimmanente Faktoren wie gesteuerte Spielausgänge offenbar die Spiellust und kognitive Verzerrungsmuster fördern, bestätigt eine erste Längsschnittstudie den prädiktiven Wert von Mikrotransaktionen für den Umstieg von simuliertem zu klassischem Glücksspiel. Derartige Migrationsprozesse werden durch gezielte Werbung noch verstärkt. Ob von der Einbindung sozialer Komponenten risikoerhöhende Effekte ausgehen, muss zum gegenwärtigen Zeitpunkt offen bleiben. Weitere Befunde liegen zu Teilnahmemotiven, Konsummustern, Komorbiditäten und potentiellen Positiveffekten vor. Die Erhebung empirischer Daten zu psychosozialen Auswirkungen simulierter Glücksspiele stellt eine wichtige Aufgabe zukünftiger Forschung dar, um wissenschaftlich abgesicherte Forderungen zu notwendigen Präventions- und Regulierungsmaßnahmen dieser Angebote aufstellen zu können.
Abstract. Simulated gambling in internet-based social networks, in the form of demo versions of gambling, and computer and video games enjoy growing popularity. Lacking monetary stakes, these forms of games do not fulfill the legal criteria for gambling and thus are not, for example, subject to age restrictions. This article aims at illustrating the presumably health-relevant risk potential of simulated gambling by means of a systematic literature review, summarizing the current knowledge based on empirical findings and identifying potential research gaps. The databases PubMed/MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Web of Science were searched for peer-reviewed, empirical articles with relevant keywords and complemented by dissertations and market analyses. In sum, 56 references are included in the analysis. While certain game features, for example, operator-controlled game outcomes, enhance the passion for playing and cognitive bias, an initial longitudinal study confirms the predictive value of microtransactions for the migration from simulated to real gambling. Targeted advertising increases the migration process. However, to date, the question of whether the involvement of social components has risk-increasing effects remains unanswered. Further findings related to participation motives, consumption patterns, and comorbidity are also summarized. The collection of empirical data on the impact of simulated gambling represents an important aspect of future research to delineate scientific-based prevention and regulatory measures for these games.
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