Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Häufig wird angenommen, Zuschauer würden einen Beitrag zu einem Heimvorteil in den Mannschaftssportarten leisten. Die bisherigen Untersuchungen, insbesondere zum Fußball und den klassischen amerikanischen Mannschaftssportarten wie Eishockey und Basketball zeigen in der Regel allerdings nur kleine oder gar keine Zusammenhänge zwischen den Zuschauer- und Leistungsvariablen. Bislang gab es keine Untersuchung, die sich mit dem Heimvorteil im Hallenhandball beschäftigt hat. In dieser Studie wurden N = 5003 Spiele der 1. Handballbundesliga von 1977 bis 2000 hinsichtlich Ergebnissen und Zuschauerkennziffern analysiert. Es zeigte sich ein deutlicher Heimvorteil in der Handballbundesliga. Über den gesamten Zeitraum ergeben sich 66.26 % Heimsiege (bei 11.45 % Unentschieden und 22.29 % Auswärtserfolgen). Es existieren allenfalls nur sehr kleine Korrelationen oder Nullkorrelationen zwischen den Zuschauermaßen wie der Zuschaueranzahl und der Zuschauerdichte und den Leistungsmaßen (wie Punkte und Tordifferenz), die aber weniger als maximal 1 % der Varianz aufklären und damit überhaupt keine praktische Bedeutsamkeit besitzen (z. B. bei Kontrolle der Leistungsstärke der beiden Teams zwischen Heimpunkten und a) der Zuschaueranzahl rp = .05; p < .01; N = 4645), b) der Zuschauerdichte (rp = 0; N = 4645) und c) dem Zuschauerquotienten (rp = −.04, p < .01; N = 4645)). Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie bestätigen zahlreiche vorherige empirische Studien (vgl. Carron et al., 2005; Jones et al., 2007; Strauß, 1999; 2002a), die einen substantiellen Zusammenhang von Zuschauern und dem Heimvorteil eher verneinen.
Abstract. It is frequently assumed that spectators contribute to the home advantage in team sports. However, nearly all studies up to now, particularly those in soccer and the classic American team sports such as ice hockey and basketball, have shown that relations between spectators and performance variables are only slight or even nonexistent. The present study is the first to examine spectators and the home advantage in indoor handball. Outcomes and spectator variables were analyzed in 5,003 matches in the top German national handball league between 1977 and 2000. Results showed a clear home advantage: Over the entire period covered, there were 66.26 % home wins (compared with 11.45 % draws and 22.29 % away wins). Nonetheless, spectator variables such as the number and density of spectators revealed only very low or zero correlations with performance measures (such as the home team points or goal difference). As these explained a maximum of less than 1 % of the variance, they did not possess any practical significance at all – when controlling the performance of both teams between the home team points and: (a) the number of spectators: rp = .05; p < .01; N = 4645; (b) spectator density: rp = 0; N = 4645; and (c) the spectator quotient: rp = −.04, p < .01; N = 4645). The present results give further support to a number of earlier empirical studies (Carron et al., 2005; Jones et al., 2007; Strauß, 1999; 2002a) that tend to reject any substantial relationship between spectators and the home advantage.
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