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Originalia

Psychophysische Auswirkungen von akuter körperlicher Belastung im Kontext Schule

Ein Überblick

Published Online:March 02, 2015https://doi.org/10.1026/1612-5010/a000062

Abstract

Akute körperliche Belastung im mittleren Intensitätsbereich kann kognitive Leistungen verbessern. Dies ist ein weiteres Argument, Sport und Bewegung vermehrt in den Schulalltag zu integrieren. Wenig ist jedoch über den zugrunde liegenden Wirkmechanismus bekannt. Die zentrale Annahme dieses Überblicksartikels ist, dass durch akute körperliche Belastung kognitive Fähigkeiten verbessert werden und gleichzeitig die Ausschüttung von Steroidhormonen verändert wird, sodass diese veränderte Hormonkonzentration die kognitive Leistung mit beeinflusst. Befunde zum Zusammenhang von körperlicher Belastung und kognitiver Leistung sowie Steroidhormonen stützen sich häufig auf Daten von Erwachsenen. Aus diesem Grund sollen neuere Studien mit Kindern und Jugendlichen vorgestellt werden, die den Forschungsstand im Wirkdreieck akute körperliche Belastung – kognitive Leistung – Steroidhormonkonzentration sinnvoll ergänzen. Für die Schule können die Ergebnisse dieser Forschung wichtige Hinweise für die Organisation des Schulalltags geben und Möglichkeiten für die Umsetzung von bewegten Pausen aufzeigen.


The psychological effects of acute physical stress in the school context: An overview

Acute physical stress at moderate intensity may enhance cognitive performance. This is another reason for the integration of sport and exercise into daily school life. However, little is known about the mechanisms behind the effect of acute physical stress on cognitive performance. The central point of this review article is that acute physical stress enhances cognitive performance, and, at the same time, affects the release of steroid hormones. Consequently, the shift in hormone concentration is jointly responsible for cognitive changes. Often, reports in support of the association of physical stress and cognitive performance as well as steroid hormones are backed by data from adults. For this reason, recent studies with data from children and adolescents are presented that reasonably complement the triangular effect of acute physical stress – cognitive performance – concentration of steroid hormones. The results of this research may be considered for planning school life and curricula and suggest the potential implementation of breaks for exercising.

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