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Originalia

Der Zusammenhang von Fitness, kognitiver Leistungsfähigkeit und Gehirnzustand im Schulkindalter

Konsequenzen für die schulische Leistungsfähigkeit

Published Online:March 02, 2015https://doi.org/10.1026/1612-5010/a000085

Abstract

Es findet sich eine zunehmende Zahl an Studien, die den positiven Zusammenhang zwischen physischer Aktivität und kardiovaskulärer Fitness einerseits und kognitiven Fähigkeiten, geistiger Gesundheit und schulischen Leistungen andererseits thematisiert. In diesem Review werden Ergebnisse beschrieben, die eine Beziehung zwischen Fitness und Kognition bei Kindern herstellen. Dadurch wird die Annahme unterstützt, dass gesundheitlich relevante Verhaltensweisen einen Einfluss auf bestimmte Hirngewebe und neuronale Prozesse haben, die für akademische Leistungen verantwortlich sind. Des Weiteren werden Forschungsarbeiten vorgestellt, die kurzfristige Effekte einzelner Einheiten körperlicher Aktivität auf die kognitive und geistige Gesundheit sowie die schulische Leistung untersucht haben. Diese Ergebnisse haben Auswirkungen auf die kognitive Gesundheit und das Lernen sowie die generelle Atmosphäre im Klassenzimmer. Die Auswirkungen dieser Forschungsergebnisse zeigen sich während des Reifungsprozesses in einer Verbesserung der effizienten Funktionsfähigkeit als auch der schulischen Leistungsfähigkeit, so dass daraus eine Vielzahl an Vorteilen für die gesamte Lebensspanne entsteht. In einer Zeit, in der Kinder immer mehr sitzen und unfit werden, sind solche Daten wichtig, um das gesellschaftliche Gesundheitsproblem rückgängig zu machen.


Fitness and cognitive performance in childhood

There is increasing literature that addresses the beneficial relationship of physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness on aspects of cognitive and brain health in relation to scholastic achievement. In this review, findings are described that relate fitness to cognition in children, providing support for the influence of health behaviors on specific brain tissue and neural processes that support academic achievement. In addition, research examining the transient benefits resulting from participation in single bouts of physical activity on cognitive and brain health and scholastic achievement are described. Such findings have implications for cognitive health and learning, and the overall classroom climate. The implications of this research stand to improve effective functioning and scholastic achievement of individuals during maturation, which might provide a cascade of benefits as individuals progress through the lifespan. In an era in which children are becoming increasingly sedentary and unfit, such data are important toward reversing this public health concern.

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