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Originalia

Zum Einfluss des Anlaufwinkels und der Füßigkeit des Schützen auf die Antizipation von Elfmeterschüssen

Published Online:March 02, 2015https://doi.org/10.1026/1612-5010/a000117

Abstract

Es wurde wiederholt darauf hingewiesen, dass der Anlaufwinkel eines Elfmeterschützen das Abwehrverhalten eines Torhüters beeinflussen könnte. Eine experimentelle Überprüfung des Einflusses des Anlaufwinkels auf die Vorhersage der Schussrichtung aus Torhütersicht liegt allerdings noch nicht vor. In einem videobasierten Experiment haben wir den Anlaufwinkel links- und rechtsfüßiger Schützen auf sechs Stufen variiert (0° – 50°) und je 20 Torhüter, Feldspieler und Nicht-Fußballer gebeten, die Schussrichtung vorherzusagen. Torhüter und Feldspieler erreichten bessere Leistungen als Nicht-Fußballer. In den 20°- und 30° Bedingungen zeigten sich die besten und in den 0°- und 40°-Bedingungen die schlechtesten Antizipationsleistungen. Außerdem wurden linksfüßige Schüsse schlechter eingeschätzt als rechtsfüßige Schüsse. Weitere Analysen ergaben, dass mit zunehmendem Anlaufwinkel seltener Schüsse in die unteren Torecken erwartet wurden und die Zuversicht in die Richtigkeit der Vorhersagen abnahm. Insgesamt deuten unsere als vorläufig zu betrachtenden Befunde an, dass die Antizipationsleistung von Torhütern durch den Anlaufwinkel von Elfmeterschützen beeinflusst wird.


On the effect of a shooter’s approach angle and kicking foot on the anticipation of penalty-kicks

Previous reports suggest that a penalty taker’s approach angle may affect goalkeepers’ interceptive actions. However, experimental verification of the influence of approach angle on shot direction prediction from a goalkeepers’ perspective has not yet been provided. In a video-based experiment, we manipulated left- and right-footed penalty-takers’ approach angles under six conditions (0° – 50°) and we asked goalkeepers, field players, and non-soccer-players (20 participants per group) to predict the penalties’ shot direction. Goalkeepers and field players outperformed non-soccer-players. Anticipation performance, on average, was best under the 20° and 30° conditions and worst under the 0° and 40° conditions, and left-footed shots were harder to predict than right-footed shots. Further analyses showed that the observers’ tendency to make bottom corner predictions as well as the confidence in their predictions overall decreased with increasing approach angle. Collectively, our findings provide preliminary evidence to suggest that goalkeepers’ anticipation performance is influenced by a penalty taker’s approach angle.

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