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Originalarbeit

Abseitsentscheidungen von Schiedsrichterassistenten im Fußball

Eine Rekonstruktion Subjektiver Theorien

Published Online:June 29, 2017https://doi.org/10.1026/1612-5010/a000183

Abstract

Zusammenfassung. Die vorliegende Studie zielt auf die Rekonstruktion von Subjektiven Theorien von Schiedsrichterassistenten zur Abseitsbeurteilung im Fußball. Hierzu wurden mit 16 männlichen Schweizer Elite-Schiedsrichterassistenten halbstandardisierte Interviews unter Einbeziehung der Heidelberger Struktur-Lege-Technik durchgeführt. Strukturaggregationen wie qualitative Inhaltsanalysen führten auf höchster Ebene zu einer Unterscheidung von Entscheidungsvoraussetzungen und Beurteilungskriterien (neben unterstützenden Strategien). Zu den Voraussetzungen gehören Erfahrung, Regelkenntnisse, Fitness, das Einhalten der Abseitslinie, Konzentration und Selbstvertrauen, nachgeordnet auch Geduld und die Idee des „Im Zweifel laufen lassen“, während als Beurteilungskriterien Ballabgabe (visuell-peripher und auditiv), Antizipation, Hilfsmittel, der Grundsatz des „Erster Gedanke ist der richtige“, erneut das Einhalten der Abseitslinie sowie, wechselwirkend mit dem „Wait & See“-Prinzip, die „Fototechnik“ genannt werden. In Gegenüberstellung mit wissenschaftlichen Hypothesen und Befunden untermauern die Erkenntnisse die praktische Relevanz sportwissenschaftlicher Studien und zeigen zugleich Forschungsbedarf auf, etwa hinsichtlich der Bestimmung des Moments der Ballabgabe sowie hinsichtlich psychischer Grundlagen der Beurteilung von Abseitssituationen.


Offside Decision – Making by Assistant Referees in Football: A Reconstruction of Subjective Theories

Abstract. The present study aims at reconstructing subjective theories on the decision-making of football assistant referees in offside situations. We interviewed 16 male Swiss elite assistant referees using a combination of semi-structured interviews and the “Heidelberger Struktur-Lege-Technik.” On the highest level, structural aggregations as well as qualitative content analyses resulted in a distinction between decision requirements (experience, knowledge of the rules, fitness, staying on the offside line, concentration, self-confidence, patience, and the idea of “letting play in cases of doubt”) and assessment criteria (decisive pass [visual–peripheral and auditory], anticipation, external aids, the principle of “first thought is correct,” again staying on the offside line, and the “snapshot” technique). In contrast to scientific hypotheses and results, the findings support the practical relevance of sport-scientific studies and pinpoint the need for further research, in particular regarding the determination of the moment of the decisive pass and regarding the psychological base of judging offside situations.

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