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Originalia

Reduzierte geruchliche Sensitivität bei Psychopharmaka-freien Patienten mit Major Depression

Published Online:September 01, 2006https://doi.org/10.1026/1616-3443.34.2.79

Abstract

Zusammenfassung.Theoretischer Hintergrund: Akut depressiv erkrankte Patienten zeigen eine reduzierte geruchliche Sensitivität, die am deutlichsten in Studien mit medikamentös behandelten Patienten beobachtet wurde. Fragestellung: Es sollte untersucht werden, ob die reduzierte geruchliche Sensitivität genuin mit der depressiven Erkrankung zusammenhängt, oder sekundär mit den Effekten antidepressiver Psychopharmaka einhergeht. Methode: Es wurden 11 Psychopharmaka-freie Patienten in einer akuten Episode einer Major Depression untersucht und mit 11 nicht-depressiven Kontroll-Probanden verglichen. Die geruchliche Sensitivität wurde über die absolute Wahrnehmungsschwelle für Phenyl-ethylalkohol und Menthol bestimmt. Außerdem wurde das subjektive Ausmaß der Angenehmheit, Unangenehmheit, Intensität und Bekanntheit der Gerüche erhoben. Ergebnisse: Die geruchlichen Wahrnehmungsschwellen der depressiven Patienten waren signifikant höher als die der Kontroll-Probanden. Die Reduktion der Sensitivität korrelierte mit dem Schweregrad der Erkrankung. Das Ausmaß der Unangenehmheit der Gerüche wurde von den Patienten tendenziell niedriger eingeschätzt. Schlussfolgerungen: Es wird diskutiert, ob Funktionsabweichungen in Geruchs- und emotionsverarbeitenden Gehirn-Gebieten miteinander einhergehen.


Reduced olfactory sensitivity in antidepressant drug free patients with major depression

Abstract.Background: Acute phase depressive patients show a reduced olfactory sensitivity. However, the strongest effects have been demonstrated in patients taking antidepressant drugs. Objective: The study aimed to investigate whether the reduced olfactory sensitivity is directly related to the depressive disorder or secondary to the effects of antidepressant drugs. Methods: 11 antidepressant drug-free patients with major depression were investigated and compared to a group of 11 non- depressive control subjects. Detection threshold tests for phenyl-ethylalcohol and menthol served to determine the level of olfactory sensitivity. Moreover, the subjective magnitude of odor pleasantness, unpleasantness, intensity, and familiarity was investigated. Results: The depressive patients showed higher olfactory thresholds than did the control subjects. Additionally, the reduced olfactory sensitivity was correlated with the severity of depression. The depressive patients tended to evaluate the odors as less unpleasant than did the control subjects. Conclusions: It is discussed whether functional changes in odor and emotion processing areas of the brain are related.

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