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Originalia

Achtsamkeitsbasierte kognitive Therapie

Published Online:February 17, 2015https://doi.org/10.1026/1616-3443/a000280

Abstract

Unter den im Zentrum dieses Sonderhefts stehenden Neuentwicklungen nehmen achtsamkeitsbasierte Verfahren eine bedeutsame Rolle ein: Während die „Achtsamkeitsbasierte Stressreduktion” (mindfulness-based stress reduction, MBSR) bereits in der zweiten Hälfte der 1970er Jahre entwickelt wurde (Kabat-Zinn, 1990), erlangte insbesondere die von Segal, Williams und Teasdale (2002) speziell für die Rückfallprävention bei rezidivierender depressiver Störung entwickelte „Achtsamkeitsbasierte Kognitive Therapie” (mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, MBCT) eine zunehmende Bedeutung im Bereich kognitiv-behavioraler Ansätze. Der vorliegende Beitrag geht zunächst auf den historischen und theoretischen Hintergrund der Achtsamkeitsbasierten Kognitiven Therapie ein. Im Anschluss daran wird die praktische Umsetzung des Gruppenkonzepts vorgestellt und der Stand der Forschung anhand aktueller Metaanalysen referiert. Der Beitrag schließt mit einer kritischen Diskussion einer allzu verkürzten Anwendung von Achtsamkeit in der klinischen Praxis.


Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy

Among the new therapeutic developments presented in this special issue, mindfulness-based approaches play a major role: While mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) was developed in the second half of the 1970s (Kabat-Zinn, 1990), mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT), developed by Segal et al. (2002) to prevent depressive relapse, only recently gained attention in cognitive-behavioral approaches. This paper presents the historical and theoretical background of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy. The implementation of this group-focused concept is described and the current state of research is addressed by introducing a number of recent meta-analyses. The paper closes with a critical discussion of an arbitrary integration of mindfulness into clinical practice.

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