Skip to main content
Search
Search
    Quick Search anywhere
    Quick search in Citations
Advanced Search
Skip main navigationClose Drawer MenuOpen Drawer Menu
Previous article
Next article
Schwerpunktbeitrag

Familienstrukturen in Familien von Kindern mit einer Störung mit Trennungsangst

Eine Untersuchung mit dem Familiensystemtest

Published Online:April 05, 2017https://doi.org/10.1026/1616-3443/a000384

Abstract

Zusammenfassung.Theoretischer Hintergrund: Die Störung mit Trennungsangst ist eine der häufigsten psychischen Erkrankung im Kindesalter, bei der das Familiensystem in besonderem Ausmaß mit betroffen ist. Untersuchungen mit Kindern mit Schulverweigerung und komorbider Trennungsangst weisen darauf hin, dass in Familien dieser Kinder häufiger dysfunktionale Familienkonstellationen vorliegen. Fragestellung: Die vorliegende Studie hat das Ziel zu überprüfen, ob Familien mit Trennungsangst häufiger dysfunktionale Familienstrukturen aufweisen als Familien von Kindern mit anderen Angststörungen oder ohne psychische Störung. Methode: 71 Familien von Kindern mit Trennungsangst, 25 Familien mit Kindern mit anderen Angststörungen und 21 Familien mit Kindern ohne psychische Störungen wurden mit dem Familiensystemtest (FAST) untersucht. Ergebnisse: Die Gruppen unterscheiden sich nicht signifikant in der Häufigkeit dysfunktionaler Familienstrukturen. Diskussion: Dysfunktionale (verstrickte) Familienstruktur und Trennungsangst zeigen keinen Zusammenhang. Weitere vertiefende Untersuchungen sind notwendig, um den möglichen Zusammenhang von dysfunktionalen Familienstrukturen und Angststörungen zu prüfen.


Family Structures in Families of Children With Separation Anxiety Disorder: A Study Using the Family System Test

Abstract.Background: Separation anxiety disorder is a common mental disorder in childhood, in which the family system is particularly affected. Studies with school-avoidant children with comorbid separation anxiety disorder show that affected children often live in families with dysfunctional family structures. Objective: This study examines whether families with separation anxiety show more dysfunctional family structures than families with other or without any anxiety disorders. Method: In all, 71 families with separation disorder, 25 clinical controls with other anxiety disorders, and 21 healthy controls were examined using the Family System Test (FAST). Results: No differences in the frequency of dysfunctional family structures were found between the groups. Discussion: No association between dysfunctional (enmeshed) family structures and separation anxiety was found. Future research is necessary to explore a possible association between dysfunctional family structures and anxiety disorders.

Literatur

  • American Psychological Association. (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Text Revision). Washington, DC: Author. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Bernstein, G. A., Warren, S. L., Massie, E. D. & Thuras, P. D. (1999). Family dimensions in anxious-depressed school refusers. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 13, 513 – 528. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Blatter-Meunier, J. C., Lavallee, K. L. & Schneider, S. (2013). Patterns of family identification and self-congruence in childhood separation anxiety disorder. Psychopathology, 47 (1), 57 – 64. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Bögels, S. M. & Brechman-Toussaint, M. L. (2006). Family issues in child anxiety: Attachment, family functioning, parental rearing and beliefs. Clinical Psychology Review, 26, 834 – 856. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Bögels, S. M. & Phares, V. (2008). Fathers’ role in the etiology, prevention and treatment of child anxiety: A review and new model. Clinical Psychology Review, 28, 539 – 558. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Cartwright-Hatton, S., McNicol, K. & Doubleday, E. (2006). Anxiety in a neglected population: Prevalence of anxiety disorders in pre-adolescent children. Clinical Psychology Review, 26, 817 – 833. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Feldman, S. & Gehring, T. M. (1988). Changing perceptions of family cohesion and power across adolescence. Child Development, 59, 1034 – 1045. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Gehring, T. M. (1998). Familiensystemtest – Manual (2. erweiterte Auflage). Göttingen: Beltz Test. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Gehring, T. M. & Marti, D. (1993). The Family System Test: Differences in perception of family structures between nonclinical and clinical children. Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 34, 363 – 377. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Kessler, R. C., Berglund, P., Demler, O., Jin, R., Merikangas, K. R. & Walters, E. E. (2005). Lifetime Prevalence and Age-of-Onset Distributions of Family of DSM-IV disorders in the national comorbidity survey replication. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62 (June), 593 – 602. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • King, N. J. & Bernstein, G. A. (2001). School refusal in children and adolescents: a review of the past 10 years. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 40, 197 – 205. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Kossowsky, J., Pfaltz, M., Schneider, S., Taeymans, J., Locher, C. & Gaab, J. (2013). The separation anxiety hypothesis of panic disorder revisited: a meta-analysis. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 170, 768 – 781. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Landon, T. M., Ehrenreich, J. T. & Pincus, D. B. (2007). Self-efficacy: A Comparison Between Clinically Anxious and Non-Referred Youth. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 38 (1), 31 – 45. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Manassis, K., Hudson, J. L., Webb, A. & Albano, A. (2004). Beyond behavioral inhibition: Etiological factors in childhood anxiety. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 11, 3 – 12. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Marti, D. & Gehring, T. M. (1992). Is there a relationship between children’s mental disorders and their ideal family constructs? Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 31, 490 – 494. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Messer, S. C. & Beidel, D. C. (1994). Psychosocial correlates of childhood anxiety disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 33, 975 – 983. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Minuchin, S. (1990). Familie und Familientherapie. Theorie und Praxis struktureller Familientherapie (8. verbesserte Auflage). Freiburg im Breisgrau: Lambertus. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Moos, R. H. & Moos, B. S. (1974). Family Environment Scale (FES). Palo Alto: Consulting Psychologists Press. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Muris, P. (2002). Relationships between self-efficacy and symptoms of anxiety disorders and depression in a normal adolescent sample. Personality and Individual Differences, 32, 337 – 348. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Neuschwander, M., In-Albon, T., Adornetto, C., Roth, B. & Schneider, S. (2013). Interrater-Reliabilität des Diagnostischen Interviews bei psychischen Störungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter (Kinder-DIPS). Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie, 41, 319 – 334. First citation in articleLink, Google Scholar

  • Olson, D. H., Sprenkle, D. H. & Russel, C. S. (1985). FACES II. In D. H. OlsonH. McCubbinH. BarnesA. LarsenM. MuxenD. H. WilsonEds., Familiy inventories (pp. 7 – 42). St. Paul: Family Social Science, University of Minnesota. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Oswald, S. H. (2002). Eine Untersuchung von Beziehungsstrukturen brasilianischer Familien mit dem Familiensystemtest (FAST). Unveröffentlichte Diplomarbeit, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg im Breisgau. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Pflug, V. & Schneider, S. (2015). School Absenteeism: An Online Survey via Social Networks. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 47, 417 – 429. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Rapee, R. M. (2001). The development of generalized anxiety. In M. W. VaseyM. R. DaddsEds., The developmental psychopathology of anxiety (pp. 481 – 503). New York: Oxford University Press. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Remschmidt, H. & Mattejat, F. (1999). Familien-Identifikations-Test (FIT). Göttingen: Hogrefe. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Retzlaff, R. (2013). Einführung in die systemische Therapie mit Kindern und Jugendlichen. Heidelberg: Carl-Auer Verlag. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Schneider, S. & Blatter-Meunier, J. (2009). Trennungsangst. In J. MargrafS. SchneiderHrsg., Lehrbuch der Verhaltenstherapie, Band 3: Störungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter. (S. 481  – 502). Berlin: Springer. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Schneider, S., Blatter-Meunier, J., Herren, C., Adornetto, C., In-Albon, T. & Lavallee, K. (2011). Disorder-specific cognitive-behavioral therapy for separation anxiety disorder in young children: A randomized waiting-list-controlled trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 80, 206 – 215. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Schneider, S., Blatter-Meunier, J., Herren, C., In-Albon, T., Adornetto, C. & Meyer, A., et al. (2013). The Efficacy of a Family-Based Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment for Separation Anxiety Disorder in Children Aged 8 – 13: A Randomized Comparison with a General Anxiety Program. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 81, 932 – 940. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Schneider, S. & In-Albon, T. (2006). Die psychotherapeutische Behandlung von Angststörungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter – Was ist evidenzbasiert? Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie, 34, 191 – 202. First citation in articleLink, Google Scholar

  • Schneider, S., Unnewehr, S. & Margraf, J. (2009). Kinder-DIPS für DSM-IV-TR. Diagnostisches Interview bei psychischen Störungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter (2. erweiterte Auflage). Heidelberg: Springer. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Siqueland, L., Kendall, P. C. & Steinberg, L. (1996). Anxiety in children: Perceived family environments and observed family interaction. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 25, 225 – 237. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Stark, K. D., Humphrey, L. L., Crook, K. & Lewis, K. (1990). Perceived family environments of depressed and anxious children: Child’s and maternal figure’s perspectives. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 18, 527 – 547. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Sydow, K. von, Beher, S., Schweitzer, J. & Retzlaff, R. (2010). The Efficacy of Systemic Therapy with Adult Patients: A meta-content Analysis of 38 Randomized Controlled trials. Family Process, 49, 457 – 485. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Teodoro, M. L. M. (2005). Kognitive Repräsentationen familiärer Beziehungen. Methodenkritische Untersuchungen zu Kohäsion und Hierarchie innerhalb des familiären Systems. Hamburg: Kovac. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Wood, B. & Talmon, M. (1983). Family boundaries in transition: a search for alternatives. Family Process, 22, 347 – 357. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Woodward, L. J. & Fergusson, D. M. (2001). Life course outcomes of young people with anxiety disorders in adolescence. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 40, 1086 – 1093. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • World Health Organization(WHO). (1992). The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders – Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Guidelines. Geneva: WHO. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar