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Freier Beitrag

Kindesmissbrauch und Reviktimisierung

Die Bedeutung unterschiedlicher Gewalttypen

Published Online:April 05, 2017https://doi.org/10.1026/1616-3443/a000387

Abstract

Zusammenfassung.Theoretischer Hintergrund: Studien zum Reviktimisierungsphänomen haben bisher hauptsächlich den Effekt von sexuellen Gewalterfahrungen in der Kindheit auf sexuelle Reviktimisierung überprüft. Dabei zeigte sich, dass sexuelle Gewalterfahrungen in der Kindheit die Wahrscheinlichkeit für das Erleben sexueller Gewalterfahrungen im Erwachsenenalter erhöhen. Ein zusätzlich vorliegender physischer Kindesmissbrauch verstärkt dieses Risiko nochmals. Forschungsbedarf besteht allerdings hinsichtlich physischer Reviktimisierung sowie bezüglich der Frage nach dem spezifischen Einfluss sexueller, körperlicher und emotionaler Missbrauchserfahrungen in der Kindheit. Fragestellung: Ziel dieser empirischen Studie ist es zu untersuchen, inwiefern die verschiedenen Typen von Gewalterfahrungen in der Kindheit mit den verschiedenen Formen von Gewalterfahrungen im Erwachsenenalter zusammenhängen. Methode: Bei 142 Frauen im Alter von 19 – 66 Jahren wurden in einer Onlineerhebung sexuelle, physische und emotionale Gewalterfahrungen, getrennt für Kindheit und Erwachsenenalter, sowie aktuelle Symptome einer Posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung (PTBS) und einer Depression erfasst. Ergebnisse: Lineare Regressionen zeigten, dass sexuelle und physische Gewalterfahrungen in der Kindheit sexuelle Gewalterfahrungen im Erwachsenenalter vorhersagten (stand.Beta-Koeffizienten .49*** und .20*). Physische und emotionale Gewalterfahrungen in der Kindheit zeigten sich hingegen als spezifische Prädiktoren für physische Gewalterfahrungen im Erwachsenenalter (stand.Beta-Koeffizienten .67*** und .20**). Schlussfolgerung: Der Befund, dass unterschiedliche Typen von Missbrauchserleben in der Kindheit mit jeweils verschiedenen Arten der Viktimisierung im Erwachsenenalter zusammenhängen, hat wesentliche Implikationen für die Praxis, insbesondere für die Entwicklung effektiverer Ansätze zur Prävention von wiederholtem Gewalterleben.


Child Abuse and Revictimization: The Significance of Different Types of Violence

Abstract.Background: To date, research about revictimization has mainly focused on sexual revictimization, revealing that childhood sexual abuse increases the risk of exposure to sexual violence in adulthood. Co-occurring physical abuse during childhood similarly increases the risk of sexual revictimization. However, there is a research gap concerning physical revictimization and the specific effect of different forms of child abuse (sexual, physical, and emotional) on being revictimized. Objective: The present study aims at investigating the specific relationship between different subtypes of childhood abuse and different forms of exposure to violence in adulthood. Method: In all, 142 female participants (aged 19 – 66 years) completed online questionnaires capturing their sexual, physical, and emotional abuse histories during child and adulthood, as well as current symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression. Results: Linear regression analysis revealed that sexual and physical childhood abuse are specific predictors of sexual victimization in adulthood (standardized beta coefficient = .49*** and .20*, respectively). Physical and emotional maltreatment, on the other hand, are specifically associated with physical victimization in adulthood (standardized beta coefficient = .67*** and .20**, respectively). Conclusion: On the basis of the present findings, we can assume that particular subtypes of childhood abuse are associated with an increased risk of experiencing specific forms of violence as adults. This result has important clinical implications in particular with respect to the development of effective treatment and prevention programs for survivors of childhood abuse.

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