Homocysteine but not Serum Amyloid A, Vitamin A and E Related to Increased Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in Post-Menopausal Thai Women

This study aims to investigate serum amyloid A, homocysteine, and biochemical-anthropometric measurements in post-menopausal women with and without metabolic syndrome (MS), and determine whether serum amyloid A and homocysteine are linked to MS among this group. This study was performed with 405 post-menopausal Thai volunteers with a mean age of 57.95 ± 5.90 years (135 subjects with MS and 270 subjects without MS). The levels of serum amyloid A, homocysteine, vitamins, glucose, and lipids were measured. Homocysteine levels were significantly higher in the group with MS than in that without MS (p < 0.001), whereas for serum amyloid A, vitamin A, vitamin E and vitamin B12, there were no significant differences. There were significant differences between the groups in folate, HDL-C, and anthropometric measurements (p < 0.001). Thirty seven percent of the group with MS and 14.1 % of the group without MS were classified as having hyperhomocysteinemia (p < 0.001). Furthermore, logistic regression analysis revealed that hyperhomocysteinemia (odds ratio (OR): 2.67, 95 % confidence interval (95 %CI): 1.57 - 4.58), low folate (OR: 1.79, 95 %CI: 1.11 - 2.89), and BMI (OR: 1.25, 95 %CI: 1.16 - 1.33) were significantly related to MS. These findings suggest that increased homocysteine levels and decreased folate concentrations may influence susceptibility to MS and this effect may be an early event in the development of cardiovascular diseases among post-menopausal women. Therefore, there is a need to evaluate homocysteine levels, especially among post-menopausal Thai women.