Online-Interventionsprogramme zur Reduzierung des Alkohol- und Cannabiskonsums – Ein Überblick über den aktuellen Forschungsstand
Abstract
Zusammenfassung.Hintergrund: In den vergangenen Jahren hat sich die Suchtprävention im Internet rasant entwickelt. Das augenscheinliche Potential von Online-Interventionen hat zur Entwicklung, Implementation und Evaluation unterschiedlichster Interventionsansätze geführt. Ziel: Die vorliegende Arbeit soll einen umfassenden Überblick über die Effektivität und die Gestaltung von Online-Interventionen zur Reduktion des Alkohol- und des Cannabiskonsum geben. Methode: Erkenntnisse zu Online-Interventionen in den Bereichen Alkohol- und Cannabiskonsum wurden im Rahmen einer systematischen Literaturrecherche in den Datenbanken Pubmed und Web of Knowledge zusammengetragen. Dabei wurden für jeden Bereich jeweils aktuelle Metaanalysen sowie ergänzend aktuelle Primärstudien recherchiert. Ergebnisse: In beiden Bereichen existieren inzwischen Metaanalysen zur Effektivität von Online-Interventionen. Ebenso wie ihr Aufbau, ihre Länge und der Grad der Interaktivität waren auch die Effektstärken sehr heterogen. Angaben zur allgemeinen Effektivität und zum Vergleich von unterschiedlichen Online-Interventionen sollten deshalb zurückhaltend interpretiert werden. Schlussfolgerung: Aufgrund der unübertroffenen Reichweite und der technischen Möglichkeiten haben Online-Interventionen, selbst bei geringen Effektstärken, das Potential, einen signifikanten Beitrag zur öffentlichen Gesundheitsförderung und Suchtprävention zu leisten.
Abstract. Background: In the past few years, addiction prevention in the Internet has developed rapidly. Thus, various online-interventions for the treatment of alcohol- and cannabis misuse have been developed and tested. Objective: To provide a comprehensive overview of the efficacy and the design of existing online interventions for alcohol- and cannabis-misuse. Methods: A systematic literature research was conducted in the field of online interventions for alcohol- and cannabis-misuse, focussing on meta-analyses and randomized controlled trials. Results: In both fields of addiction prevention, a vast array of interventions has been found in terms of structure, duration, target group and degree of interaction. Because of their heterogeneity, effectiveness results are to be interpreted cautiously. Conclusion: Because of their high reach and opportunities, online interventions for alcohol- and cannabis-use have the potential to contribute substantially to public health promotion and addiction prevention.
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