Erforschung exzessiver Smartphone-Nutzung: Empfehlungen zur Vorgehensweise
Ein Positionspapier
Abstract
Zusammenfassung:Ziel: In der Fachwelt besteht noch große Uneinigkeit im Hinblick auf eine mögliche Klassifikation exzessiver Smartphone-Nutzung (ESN) als Störung aufgrund einer Verhaltenssucht. In diesem Positionspapier werden relevante inhaltliche und methodische Aspekte bisheriger Forschungsarbeiten zum Thema ESN dargestellt. Daraus werden Empfehlungen abgeleitet, welche Vorgehensweisen bei zukünftigen Forschungsarbeiten verstärkt Berücksichtigung finden sollten. Schlussfolgerungen: Unsere Empfehlungen umfassen folgende Punkte: 1. Entwicklung und konsistente Nutzung von Smartphone-basierten Messinstrumenten, die die Erhebung von Echtzeitnutzungsdaten und das Vorlegen von zeitgesteuerten Fragebögen erlauben, 2. Validierung dieser Instrumente an großen, repräsentativen Stichproben in Deutschland, 3. Untersuchungen mittels Echtzeit-Messinstrumenten zur Beantwortung der Frage, inwiefern ESN Suchtcharakter annehmen kann, sprich inwieweit zentrale Suchtkriterien erfüllt werden, 4. Klärung der zentralen Frage, inwiefern ESN spezifisch (d. h. die Nutzung von spezifischen Smartphone-Funktionen wie z. B. soziale Netzwerke) oder generalisiert (d. h. im Sinne eines Verhaltensmusters der allgemeinen Smartphone-Überbeanspruchung) erfolgt. Langfristig sollten weitere Studien zur Neurobiologie, sowie zur Langzeitstabilität von ESN durchgeführt werden, bevor die Klassifikation der ESN als Störung aufgrund einer Verhaltenssucht empfohlen werden kann.
Abstract:Aims: In the scientific community no consensus exists regarding the question whether excessive smartphone use (ESU) should be considered as a behavioral addiction. This position paper summarizes relevant aspects of previous research on ESU with respect to content and methodology. From this, recommendations are derived as to which approaches should be given greater consideration in future research work. Conclusions: Our recommendations include the following points: 1. Development and consistent use of smartphone-based measuring instruments that allow the collection of real-time usage data and the submission of time-controlled questionnaire, 2. Validation of these instruments in large representative samples in Germany, 3. Using real-time smartphone user data to address the question whether ESU can become addictive in nature, 4. Clarification of the central question of the extent to which ESN is specific (i. e., use of specific smartphone functions such as social networks) or generalized (in terms of a behavioral pattern of general smartphone overuse). In the long term, further studies on the neurobiology and long-term stability of ESN should be carried out before the classification of ESN as a behavioral addiction can be recommended.
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