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Originalia

Neuropsychologische Grundlagen komplexer prospektiver Gedächtnisleistung

Published Online:September 01, 2006https://doi.org/10.1024/1016-264X.14.4.293

Abstract

Zusammenfassung: Zur Erforschung prospektiver Gedächtnisleistungen wurden in Klinik wie Forschung bislang vor allem einfache Aufgaben eingesetzt, die aber kaum Prozesse wie die Planung oder die Koordination von Mehrfach-Intentionen erfassen, die komplexen prospektiven Aufgaben zugrunde liegen. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war daher, die deutsche Version des von Kliegel, McDaniel und Einstein (2000) vorgeschlagenen komplexen prospektiven Mehrfachaufgaben-Paradigmas vorzustellen sowie deren Ergebnisse anhand einer Stichprobe von 40 jüngeren und 40 älteren Erwachsenen zu replizieren. Zusätzlich wurde untersucht, inwieweit altersbedingte Leistungsunterschiede in der komplexen prospektiven Gedächtnisaufgabe mit Unterschieden in exekutiven Steuerungsprozessen zusammenhängen. Die Ergebnisse bestätigen frühere Befunde und dokumentieren Alterseffekte bezüglich der Plankomplexität, der Reinstantiierung der Intention sowie der selbstinitiierten Ausführung der multiplen Wechselintention, nicht jedoch in der Planerinnerung. Darüber hinaus zeigen die Resultate von Regressionsanalysen, dass die Varianz im Wisconsin Card Sorting Test die altersbedingte Variabilität der Leistung in der komplexen prospektiven Aufgabe teilweise vorhersagen kann. Das chronologische Alter blieb jedoch als signifikante Einflussgröße bestehen. Insgesamt liefert die Studie konsistente Hinweise auf eine hohe Bedeutung exekutiver Funktionen bei Alterseffekten in komplexen prospektiven Gedächtnisaufgaben.


Neuropsychological Aspects of Prospective Remembering

Abstract:Experimental as well as neuropsychological research has mainly applied simple prospective memory tasks. These tasks, however, might not reflect processes like planning or self-initiated execution of multiple intentions underlying many everyday complex prospective memory tasks. Therefore, the first goal of the present study was a replication of the results of the complex prospective memory paradigm which was recently introduced by Kliegel et al. (2000). The second goal was to examine the role of executive functions in age-related differences in complex prospective memory. Comparing a sample of 40 young and 40 old German adults the expected age-related differences were found in the planning, re-instantiation, and self-initiated execution of the set of tasks, but not in plan retention. Plan complexity as well as plan retention were revealed as important predictors for the execution of the complex prospective memory task. In addition, the results of hierarchical regression analyses showed that age differences in prospective memory performance largely depended on age-related individual differences in executive functions. Overall, the data present consistent evidence for the involvement of executive functions in age-related complex prospective memory performance.

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