Funktionelle Hemisphärenasymmetrie der Selbstkontrolle?
Abstract
Zusammenfassung: Durch die Fähigkeit zur Selbstkontrolle gelingt es uns, diejenigen Aktivitäten zu unterdrücken, die einem angestrebten Ziel oder dem aktuellen sozialen Kontext entgegenstehen. Welche neuronalen Prozesse liegen der Selbstkontrolle zugrunde? Ein vertieftes Verständnis der relevanten neuronalen Mechanismen kann insofern von therapeutischer Relevanz sein, als Störungen der Selbstkontrolle ein zentrales Merkmal vieler neurologischer und psychiatrischer Erkrankungen darstellen. Der vorliegende Artikel fasst vorwiegend eigene experimentelle Arbeiten zusammen, deren Resultate die - aufgrund von Beobachtungen an Patienten mit Schädigungen im Frontalhirn formulierte - Annahme einer lateralisierten Organisation der Selbstkontrolle stützen. Basierend auf diesen Berichten formulieren wir die Schlussfolgerung, dass die Fähigkeit zur Selbstkontrolle, die für ein adäquates Entscheidungsverhalten von fundamentaler Bedeutung ist, über rechtsseitige Regelsysteme organisiert ist und durch kortikale Stimulation vorübergehend moduliert werden kann.
Abstract: The conscious control of thought, action, and emotions may be considered as a distinctive feature of human cognition. Moreover, the ability to override immediate urges is not only relevant for adaptive individual decision-making but also contributes to harmonious social interactions. Which neuronal processes form the bases of self-control? The present article summarizes recent studies stressing the fundamental importance of self-control in the process of individual and social decision-making. Our results confirm the asymmetric role of the prefrontal cortex in self-control processes and show that cortical stimulation can modulate this fundamental human capacity.
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