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Übersichtsarbeit

Intervention bei autistischen Störungen: Status quo, evidenzbasierte, fragliche und fragwürdige Techniken

Published Online:September 01, 2006https://doi.org/10.1024/1422-4917.30.4.271

Abstract

Zusammenfassung:Fragestellung: Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, umfassend und kritisch über Interventionsstrategien zu referieren, die bei der Therapie des Autismus zum Einsatz kommen. Methodik: Ansätze der Frühintervention, verhaltenstherapeutische Programme, «Social Skills»-Training, psychopharmakologische Therapie und alternative Ansätze werden vorgestellt und hinsichtlich ihrer empirischen Evidenz eingeschätzt. Ergebnisse: Autismus ist eine persistierende, phänotypisch heterogene Störung. Eine Heilung der Erkrankung ist heute nicht möglich. Allerdings können mittels individueller Förderung bemerkenswerte graduelle Verhaltensverbesserungen erreicht werden. Schlussfolgerungen: Zur realistischeren Bewertung der Wirksamkeit der einzelnen therapeutischen Methoden sind weitere Evaluationsstudien unabdingbar. Die bis heute durchgeführten Arbeiten entbehren u.a. häufig einer adäquaten Eingangsdiagnostik.


Interventions for Autism: Status quo, Evidence-based, Questionable and Dubious Techniques

Summary:Objective: We describe and critically discuss intervention methods that have been used to modify autistic behaviors. Methods: Early intervention methods, training of social skills, pharmacological treatment and alternative approaches are reviewed in the light of the empirical evidence. Results: Autism is a persistent and phenotypically heterogeneous disorder for which no cure has been found to date. However, individually composed care and therapies can lead to remarkable quantitative improvement. Conclusions: Further research is needed to evaluate the true impact of psychological and biological intervention techniques in autistic disorders. Among other things, the therapy studies carried out up to now often lack an adequate diagnostic assessment.

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