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Zur Diskussion gestellt

Psychopharmakotherapie mit Clomipramin und Paroxetin bei jugendlichen Patientinnen mit «Anorexia nervosa» und «Depressiver Episode» - eine Pilotstudie zu Verträglichkeit, Absetzquote und therapeutischen Verlaufskriterien

Published Online:September 01, 2006https://doi.org/10.1024/1422-4917.32.4.279

Abstract

Zusammenfassung:Fragestellung: Die Frage der Indikation und Wirkung antidepressiver Medikation bei Anorexia nervosa mit Beginn im Kindes- und Jugendalter im Verlauf stationärer Behandlung wurde bislang nur wenig untersucht. Auch mangelt es an vergleichenden Studien zu Verträglichkeit und Wirkung unterschiedlicher Thymoleptika an anorektischen Patienten dieses Altersspektrums. Gegenstand der vorliegenden Studie war ein Vergleich der Behandlungsverläufe unter Paroxetin, einem SSRI, und Clomipramin, einem trizyklischen Antidepressivum mit serotonerger Wirkkomponente. Neben Qualität und Auftretenshäufigkeit unerwünschter Wirkungen sowie Häufigkeit und Ursachen des Absetzens der Medikation galt das Interesse verschiedenen therapeutischen Verlaufskriterien. Methodik: In die retrospektive Untersuchung wurden 83 Patientinnen einbezogen, die im Zeitraum von 1988 bis 1998 erstmalig stationär in der Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie der Universität Würzburg behandelt wurden. Alle Patientinnen erfüllten die Kriterien einer «Anorexia nervosa» sowie «Depressiven Episode» nach ICD-10 und erhielten eine antidepressive Medikation mit Paroxetin- oder Clomipramin. Grundlage der Datenerhebung waren Basisdokumentation, multiaxiale Klassifikation sowie Verlaufs- und Abschlussberichte. Als Kriterien des Therapieerfolgs wurden die Behandlungsdauer (Tage) und der Gewichtszuwachs (kg/m2) bestimmt. Ergebnisse: Clomipramin wurde im Behandlungsverlauf signifikant häufiger als Paroxetin aufgrund unerwünschter Wirkungen sowie einer unzureichenden Beeinflussung der depressiven Zielsymptomatik abgesetzt (33,3 vs. 15,4%). Unter Paroxetin wurde ein vergleichbarer Gewichtszuwachs (2,8 vs. 2,6 kg/m2) in signifikant kürzerer Behandlungsdauer (71,9 vs. 96,5 Tage) erreicht. Schlussfolgerung: Kürzere Behandlungsdauer, raschere Gewichtszunahme, geringere Absetzquote und nicht zuletzt wirtschaftliche Überlegungen sprechen für eine im Vergleich zu Clomipramin positive Indikation von Paroxetin bei jugendlichen Patientinnen mit «Anorexia nervosa» und «Depressiver Episode». Eine prospektive Wirksamkeitsstudie ist zu fordern, um die dargelegten Ergebnisse zu prüfen.


Paroxetine versus Clomipramine in Female Adolescents Suffering from Anorexia Nervosa and Depressive Episode - a Retrospective Study on Tolerability, Reasons for Discontinuating the Antidepressive Treatment and Different Outcome Measurements

Summary:Objectives: So far, there have only been few studies concerning the question of indication and efficacy of antidepressive medication in children and adolescents with anorexia nervosa and depressive episode in the course of an inpatient treatment. In addition, there is a lack of studies comparing the tolerability and efficacy of different antidepressants given to anorectic patients of this particular age group. This study compares paroxetine, a specific SRI, with clomipramine, a TCA with SRI activity, concerning the frequency and quality of adverse side effects, the frequency and the reasons for discontinuating the antidepressive treatment and different outcome measurements. Methods: 83 female patients, aged 10,9 to 18,1 years, who underwent an inpatient treatment at the Departement of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy at the University of Wuerzburg, Germany, were enrolled in this retrospective study. All of them met the ICD-10 criteria for anorexia nervosa and depressive episode and received an antidepressant medication with clomipramine or paroxetine. We collected data from basic documentation, treatment reports, and the multiaxial classification (MAS). Outcome measurements were the duration of treatment (days) and the increase of body weight (kg/m2). Results: The discontinuation of the antidepressive treatment due to adverse side effects or a lack of efficacy was significantly more frequent with clomipramine than paroxetine (33,3 vs. 15,4%). The increase of body weight (2,8 vs. 2,6 kg/m2) was similar in both groups, but the duration of treatment was significantly shorter under paroxetine (71,9 vs. 96,5 days). Conclusions: A shorter duration of treatment, faster increase of body weight, lower percentage of dicontinuating the antidepressive medication and last but not least economic reasons lead to the conclusion, that paroxetine should be preferred in female adolescents with anorexia nervosa and depressive episode. However, prospective studies are needed to confirm our findings.

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