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Übersichtsarbeit

Suizid und Suizidalität unter adoleszenten Häftlingen

Published Online:February 11, 2016https://doi.org/10.1024/1422-4917/a000394

Abstract

Zusammenfassung. Suizid ist nach dem Unfalltod die zweithäufigste Todesursache in der Adoleszenz. Das Jugendalter ist der Lebensabschnitt mit der höchsten Rate an Suizidversuchen. Neben psychisch kranken Jugendlichen und Heranwachsenden stellen Delinquente eine Risikopopulation für suizidales Verhalten und für Suizid dar. Insbesondere die Gruppe der Inhaftierten weist als Extremform der Jugenddelinquenz ein hohes Suizidrisiko auf, das verglichen mit der Allgemeinbevölkerung gleichen Alters 16- bis 18-fach erhöht ist. Da sich die Insassenstruktur im Jugend- und Erwachsenenhaftvollzug erheblich unterscheidet, sind altersspezifische Forschungsansätze und Präventionsprogramme nötig. Diese Aufgabe kann nicht von Jugendhaftanstalten alleine geleistet werden. Eine enge interdisziplinäre Kooperation von Ärzten der Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, von Psychologen, Gefängnismedizinern, Juristen und Justizvollzugsbeamten ist erforderlich, um die Chance, die der Jugendhaftvollzug für die Suizidprävention mit sich bringt, zu nutzen.


Suicide and suicide tendencies in adolescent detainees

Abstract. Following accidents, suicide is the second leading cause of death in adolescence. This stage of life has the most suicide attempts of all age groups. In addition to mentally ill juveniles, adolescent delinquents represent a high-risk group for suicidal behavior and completed suicide. In particular, the population of detainees, an extreme form of juvenile delinquency, have a 16- to 18-fold higher risk of suicidal behavior and suicide compared to the general population. Because the composition of juvenile detainees differs greatly from that of detained adults, age-specific scientific approaches and prevention programs are needed. This task cannot be addressed by juvenile detention staff alone, but rather demands close cooperation between adolescent psychiatrists, psychologists, prison medical staff, legal experts and prison officers to use the opportunity for suicide prevention in juvenile detention facilities.

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