Körperliche Aktivität als Therapieoption bei ADHS?
Aktueller Forschungsstand
Abstract
Zusammenfassung: Körperliche Aktivität als Präventions- und Therapieoption von psychischen Erkrankungen rückt zunehmend in den Fokus aktueller Forschung. Insbesondere Verbesserungen in kognitiven Funktionen, Aufmerksamkeitsleistungen, Impulsivität und Hyperaktivität könnten Sport zu einer vielversprechenden Behandlungsoption für die Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) machen. In dem vorliegenden narrativen Übersichtsartikel wird der aktuelle Forschungsstand zu Sporteffekten bei Kindern und Jugendlichen sowie Erwachsenen mit ADHS dargestellt und bewertet. Während Studien zu den kurzfristigen Auswirkungen einer einmaligen körperlichen Aktivität robuste Effekte auf die Aufmerksamkeit und Inhibitionskontrolle zeigen, sind bisherige Ergebnisse zur Wirkung auf weitere Symptombereiche der ADHS sowie bei Erwachsenen gemischt. Randomisierte kontrollierte Studien zu regelmäßiger sportlicher Aktivität sind bislang rar und zeigen eine hohe Heterogenität, ermutigen jedoch zu weiterer Forschung in dem Bereich.
Abstract: Physical activity as an option for the prevention and treatment of psychiatric disorders is increasingly becoming the focus of research. In particular, because of improvements in cognitive functioning, attentional performance, impulsivity, and hyperactivity, physical exercise could be a promising treatment option for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In this narrative review, we present and evaluate the current state of research on exercise effects in children and adolescents as well as in adults with ADHD. While studies of the short-term effects of a single bout of physical activity indicate robust effects on attention and inhibitory control, results on the impact on further symptoms of ADHD as well as in adults are mixed. Randomized controlled trials of longer-term physical activity are scarce and show high heterogeneity. Nevertheless, they are encouraging for further research in this area.
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