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Themenschwerpunkt

Screeningfragebögen zu Risiko- und Schutzfaktoren für Traumafolgestörungen – Ein systematischer Review

Published Online:February 28, 2015https://doi.org/10.1024/1661-4747/a000191

Abstract

Eine Herausforderung im Rahmen der frühen Versorgung nach traumatischen Ereignissen liegt in der Identifizierung derjenigen Betroffenen, die ohne professionelle Unterstützung psychische Störungen entwickeln und bei denen somit psychologische Frühinterventionen indiziert sind. Aufgrund geringer Prädiktivität bzw. Sensitivität ist die Diagnose einer akuten Belastungsstörung zur Vorhersage von Traumafolgestörungen nicht gut geeignet. Die Berücksichtigung von Risiko- und Schutzfaktoren verbessert die Vorhersage signifikant. Anhand eines systematischen Reviews gibt diese Arbeit einen Überblick über sieben Screeningfragebögen zu Risiko- und Schutzfaktoren für Traumafolgestörungen. Sowohl für Erwachsene als auch für Kinder liegen Instrumente vor, die eine deutlich höhere Sensitivität aufweisen als die akute Belastungsstörung und die somit für mehrstufige Screeningprogramme besser geeignet sind. Die Posttraumatic Adjustment Scale weist die besten Kennwerte auf und ist das einzige Instrument, das kreuzvalidiert ist und sich im Rahmen eines Screen-and-treat-Programms als praktikabel und effektiv erwiesen hat. In deutscher Sprache ist allerdings kein solches Instrument verfügbar.


Screening questionnaires for protective and risk factors following traumatic events – a systematic review

Traumatic events pose special challenges. One is the identification of individuals that are likely to develop mental disorders and for whom early psychological intervention is indicated. The acute stress disorder diagnosis is not well-suited for the prediction of posttraumatic mental disorders because of its poor sensitivity. Accounting for risk and protective factors significantly improves the predictive power. Based on a systematic review this paper discusses seven screening questionnaires that aim at risk and protective factors following traumatic events. There are screening questionnaires for risk and protective factors that show reasonable sensitivity, compared to the acute stress disorder diagnosis, and which therefore are better suited for multi-stepped screening programs. The Posttraumatic Adjustment Scale performs best and is the only instrument that was cross-validated and proved to be feasible and effective within a screen-and-treat-program. However, none of these instruments is available in German.

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