Skip to main content
Search
Search
    Quick Search anywhere
    Quick search in Citations
Advanced Search
Skip main navigationClose Drawer MenuOpen Drawer Menu
Previous article
Next article
Themenschwerpunkt

Transitionspsychiatrie der Adoleszenz und des jungen Erwachsenenalters

Published Online:June 24, 2015https://doi.org/10.1024/1661-4747/a000235

Abstract

Der Wechsel von der kindespsychiatrischen in die erwachsenenpsychiatrische Behandlung wird durch das Erreichen der Volljährigkeit gemeinhin festgelegt. Diese festgesetzte Altersgrenze wird jedoch den unterschiedlichen Entwicklungsständen und Reifungsgraden von jungen Erwachsenen im Alter von 16 bis 24 Jahren mit psychischen Störungen nicht gerecht. Neurologische Besonderheiten, psychische Störungen und die rechtliche Einordnung dieser distinkten Zeitperiode, derzeitige Bruchstellen im Übergang zwischen den Einrichtungen, sowie verschiedene Transitionsprogramme und Konzepte werden diskutiert.


Transition psychiatry of adolescents and emerging adults

The transition from child and adolescent psychiatry to adult psychiatric services is stipulated clearly with the age of majority. This set cut-off age often does not meet the needs of emerging adults at the age of 16 to 24 years suffering from mental disorders with their respective levels of maturation and biopsychosocial development. Particular neurodevelopmental and legal aspects, onset of mental disorders and gaps in the transition between the different mental health services will be discussed as much as different transition programs and concepts for future developments.

Literatur

  • Ackermann, L. (2009). Die Altersgrenzen der Strafbarkeit in Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang Internationaler Verlag für Wissenschaft. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Allen, K. L., Byrne, S. M., Oddy, W. H., Crosby, R. D. (2013). Early onset binge eating and purging eating disorders: course and outcome in a population-based study of adolescents. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 41, 1083–1096. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Arnett, J. J. (2000). Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties. American Psychologist, 55, 469–480. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Beesdo, K., Bittner, A., Pine, D. S., Stein, M. B., Höfler, M., Lieb, R., Wittchen, H. U. (2007). Incidence of social anxiety disorder and the consistent risk for secondary depression in the first three decades of life. Archives of General Psychiatry, 64, 903–912. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Blum, R. W., Garell, D., Hodgman, C. H., Jorissen, T. W., Okinow, N. A., Orr, D. P., Slap, G. P. (1993). Transition from child-centered to adult health-care systems for adolescents with chronic conditions. A position paper of the Society for Adolescent Medicine. Journal of Adolescent Health, 14, 570–576. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Bonnie, R. J., Scott, E. S. (2013). The teenage brain: Adolescent brain research and the law. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 22, 158–161. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Chambers, R. A., Taylor, J. R., Potenza, M. N. (2003). Developmental neurocircuitry of motivation in adolescence: a critical period of addiction vulnerability. American Journal of Psychiatry, 160, 1041–1052. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Costello, E. J., Egger, H., Angold, A. (2005). 10-year research update review: the epidemiology of child and adolescent psychiatric disorders: I. Methods and public health burden. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 44, 972–986. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Craik, F. I., Bialystok, E. (2006). Cognition through the lifespan: mechanisms of change. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 10, 131–138. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Crowley, R., Wolfe, I., Lock, K., McKee, M. (2011). Improving the transition between paediatric and adult healthcare: a systematic review. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 96, 548–553. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Cullen, K. R., Westlund, M. K., Klimes-Dougan, B., Mueller, B. A., Houri, A., Eberly, L. E., Lim, K. O. (2014). Abnormal amygdala resting-state functional connectivity in adolescent depression. JAMA Psychiatry, 7, 1138–1147. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Department of Health/Child Health and Maternity Services Branch (2006). Transition: getting it right for young people. Improving the transition of young people with long term conditions from children›s to adult health services. London: Department of Health. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Doug, M., Adi, Y., Williams, J., Paul, M., Kelly, D., Petchey, R., Carter, Y. H. (2011). Transition to adult services for children and young people with palliative care needs: a systematic review. BMJ Supportive & Palliative Care, 1, 167–173. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Fegert, J. M., Streeck-Fischer, A., Freyberger, H. J. (Hrsg.) (2009). Adoleszenzpsychiatrie. Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie der Adoleszenz und des jungen Erwachsenenalters. Stuttgart: Schattauer. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Feinberg, I. (1982) Schizophrenia: caused by a fault in programmed synaptic elimination during adolescence? Journal of Psychiatric Research, 17, 319–334. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Fink, M., Akimova, E., Spindelegger, C., Hahn, A., Lanzenberger, R., Kasper, S. (2009). Social anxiety disorder: epidemiology, biology and treatment. Psychiatria Danubina, 21, 533–542. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Galván, A. (2013). The teenage brain: sensitivity to rewards. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 22, 88–93. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Galván, A. (2014). Insights about adolescent behavior, plasticity, and policy from neuroscience research. Neuron, 83, 262–265. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Giedd, J. N. (2008). The teen brain: insights from neuroimaging. Journal of Adolescent Health, 42, 335–343. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Giedd, J. N., Keshavan, M., Paus, T. (2008). Why do many psychiatric disorders emerge during adolescence? Nature reviews. Neuroscience, 9, 947–957. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Haber, S. N. (2011). Neuroanatomy of reward: A view from the ventral striatum. In J. A. Gottfried (Ed.), Neurobiology of Sensation and Reward (pp. 235–254). Boca Raton: CRC Press. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Jones, P. B. (2013). Adult mental health disorders and their age at onset. British Journal of Psychiatry, 54, 5–10. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Karow, A., Bock, T., Naber, D., Löwe, B., Schulte-Markwort, M., Schäfer, I., … Lambert, M. (2013). Die psychische Gesundheit von Kindern, Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen – Teil 2: Krankheitslast, Defizite des deutschen Versorgungssystems, Effektivität und Effizienz von «Early Intervention Services» Fortschritte der Neurologie Psychiatrie, 81, 628–638. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Kessler, R. C., Berglund, P., Demler, O., Jin, R., Merikangas, K. R., Walters, E. E. (2005). Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62, 593–602. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Lindgren, E., Söderberg, S., Skär, L. (2013). The gap in transition between child and adolescent psychiatry and general adult psychiatry. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing, 26, 103–109. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Lourenco, F., Casey, B. J. (2013). Adjusting behavior to changing environmental demands with development. Neuroscience & Biobehavioural Review, 37, 2233–2242. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Matthiass, B. (1914). Lehrbuch des Bürgerlichen Rechtes: Mit Berücksichtigung des gesamten Reichsrechts. Heidelberg: Springer. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • McGorry, P. D., Tanti, C., Stokes, R., Hickie, I. B., Carnell, K., Littlefield, L. K., Moran, J. (2007). Headspace: Australia's National Youth Mental Health Foundation – where young minds come first. Medical Journal of Australia, 187, 68–70. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Meleis, A. I. (2007). Theoretical nursing: Development and progress. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Meleis, A. I., Sawyer, L. M., Im, E., Hilfinger Messias, D. K., Schumacher, K. (2000). Experiencing transitions: An emerging middle-range theory. Advances in Nursing Science, 23, 12–28. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Meyer, M., Huemer, J., Rabl, U., Boubela, R. N., Kalcher, K., Berger, A., … Pezawas, L. (2014). Oppositional COMT Val158Met effects on resting state functional connectivity in adolescents and adults. Brain Structure and Function (in press). First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Mills, K. L., Goddings, A. L., Clasen, L. S., Giedd, J. N., Blakemore, S. J. (2014). The developmental mismatch in structural brain maturation during adolescence. Developmental Neuroscience, 36, 147–160. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Patel, V., Flisher, A. J., Hetrick, S., McGorry, P. (2007). Mental health of young people: a global public-health challenge. Lancet, 369, 1302–1313. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Paul, M., Ford, T., Kramer, T., Islam, Z., Harley, K., Singh, S. P. (2013). Transfers and transitions between child and adult mental health services. British Journal of Psychiatry, 54, 36–40. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Paul, M., Street, C., Wheeler, N., Singh, S. P. (2014). Transition to adult services for young people with mental health needs: A systematic review. Clinical Child Psychology & Psychiatry (in press). First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Paus, T., Keshavan, M., Giedd, J. N. (2008). Why do many psychiatric disorders emerge during adolescence? Nature Reviews, 9, 947–957. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Provincial Council of Maternal Child Health (2009). Transition: a framework for supporting children and youth with chronic and complex care needs as they move to adult services. Toronto, ON: Author. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Rosen, D. S., Blum, R. W., Britto, M., Sawyer, S. M., Siegel, D. M. & Society for Adolescent Medicine (2003). Transition to adult health care for adolescents and young adults with chronic conditions: position paper of the Society for Adolescent Medicine. Journal of Adolescent Health, 33, 309–311. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Schiepek, G., Tominschek, I., Karch, S., Mulert, C., Pogarell, O. (2007). Neurobiologische Korrelate der Zwangsstörungen – Aktuelle Befunde zur funktionellen Bildgebung Psychotherapie Psychosomatik Medizinische Psychologie, 57, 379–394. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Singh, S. P. (2009). Transition of care from child to adult mental health services: the great divide. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 22, 386–390. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Singh, S. P., Evans, N., Sireling, L., Stuart, H. (2005). Mind the gap: the interface between child and adultmental health services. Psychiatric Bulletin, 29, 292–294. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Singh, S. P., Paul, M., Ford, T., Kramer, T., Weaver, T., McLaren, S., … White, S. (2010). Process, outcome and experience of transition from child to adult mental healthcare: multiperspective study. British Journal of Psychiatry, 197, 305–312. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Society for Adolescent Medicine . (2003). Transition to adult health care for adolescents and young adults with chronic conditions: position paper of the Society for Adolescent Medicine. Journal of Adolescent Health, 33, 309–311. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Sporn, A. L., Greenstein, D. K., Gogtay, N., Jeffries, N. O., Lenane, M., Gochman, P., … Rapoport, J. L. (2003). Progressive brain volume loss during adolescence in childhood-onset schizophrenia. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 160, 2181–2189. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Stallard, P., Spears, M., Montgomery, A. A., Phillips, R., Sayal, K. (2013). Self-harm in young adolescents (12–16 years): onset and short-term continuation in a community sample. BMC Psychiatry, 13, 328–328. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Swift, K. D., Hall, C. L., Marimuttu, V., Redstone, L., Sayal, K., Hollis, C. (2013). Transition to adult mental health services for young people with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a qualitative analysis of their experiences. BMC Psychiatry, 13, 74–74. doi: 10.1186/1471-244X-13-74. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Vigil, P., Orellana, R. F., Cortés, M. E., Molina, C. T., Switzer, B. E., Klaus, H. (2011). Endocrine modulation of the adolescent brain: a review. Journal of Pediatric & Adolescent Gynecology, 24, 330–337. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Villringer, A., Burkhard, P. (2010). Plasticity of the human brain – “We never use the same brain twice”, Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Human Brain and Cognitive Sciences. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Vloet, M. A., Davidson, S., Cappelli, M. (2011). “We suffer from being lost”: formulating policies to reclaim youth in mental health tansitions. Healthcare Quarterly, 14, 32–38. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Wilens, T. E., Rosenbaum, J. F. (2013). Transitional aged youth: a new frontier in child and adolescent psychiatry. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 52, 887–890. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar