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Häufigkeiten von adulten ADHS-assoziierten Symptomen in der Normalbevölkerung – Referenzwerte der ADHS-Selbstbeurteilungsskala und des Wender-Reimherr-Interviews

Published Online:September 23, 2015https://doi.org/10.1024/1661-4747/a000249

Abstract

Zusammenfassung. Die Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) ist eine Erkrankung, welche sich im Kindesalter erstmalig manifestiert und bei bis zu 60 % der Betroffenen in Teil- oder Vollausprägung in das Erwachsenenalter persistiert. Dabei charakterisieren sich ADHS-Syndrome nicht als qualitativ auftretende Merkmale, sondern entsprechen Beeinträchtigungen, welche auch in einem gesunden Kollektiv auftreten können, und lediglich in Abhängigkeit ihres Schweregrads eine krankheitswertige Valenz innehaben. Mit Blick auf die Dimensionalität der ADHS-Symptomatik und unter Berücksichtigung epidemiologischer Daten, welche bereits im subklinischen Bereich ADHS-assoziierter Symptome Beeinträchtigungen in der Alltagsfunktionalität Erwachsener berichten, erscheinen daher Referenzwerte, welche eine Einschätzung ADHS-assoziierter Symptome in Bezug auf eine nicht-klinische Stichprobe ermöglichen, wünschenswert. Diese Lücke soll mit der vorliegenden Arbeit geschlossen werden. Es werden altersabhängige Referenzwerte für die Selbstbeurteilungsskala ADHS-SB und die deutsche Übersetzung des halbstandardisierten Wender-Reimherr-Interviews zur Einschätzung ADHS-assoziierter Symptome in einer nicht-klinischen Stichprobe vorgelegt. Ferner unterstützen unsere Ergebnisse bisherige Befunde, dass bereits unterhalb der diagnostischen Schwelle der Klassifikationssysteme psychopathologische Phänomene aus dem ADHS-Spektrum einen negativen Einfluss auf den Lebensalltags der Betroffenen haben können.


Prevalence of adult ADHD-associated symptoms in the general population – Reference values of ADHD self-assessment scale and the Wender-Reimherr interviews

Abstract. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a disorder that usually manifests in early childhood and, in up to 60 % of cases, persists into adulthood with, at least, partial symptoms. In these cases, ADHD syndromes are not characterized by the quality of the features but rather in how they correspond to the severity of the impairments. These impairments are not necessarily specific to ADHD as they are present to varying degrees in non-ADHD clients. Clearly the ADHD symptomatology needs to be understood as a spectrum of dimensions which exist at a sub-clinical level within the normal population, as supported by epidemiological studies. There is an inherent danger in viewing ADHD symptoms as only relevant to ADHD so it is important to understand what the thresholds are for the various symptoms, and the syndrome, within non-clinical samples. The present study aims to address the gap in our understanding of the dimensions underlying ADHD. Age-dependent reference values are presented for the self-report questionnaire ADHS-SB and the German translation of the half-standardized Wender-Reimherr-interview as an assessment of ADHD-associated symptoms in a non-clinical sample. Furthermore, our results support current findings that the psychopathological phenomena of the ADHD-spectrum can have a negative impact on the daily life of people, including those below the diagnostic cut-off. Specific ADHD symptoms are not unique to ADHD, given the overlap between other personality disorders and deficits in neuropsychological functioning.

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