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Fokus Forschung

ADHS Spektrum

Published Online:August 08, 2017https://doi.org/10.1024/2235-0977/a000174

Abstract

Zusammenfassung. Die Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) ist die wohl am häufigsten diagnostizierte Verhaltensstörung im Kindes- und Jugendalter. Dieser Artikel beschreibt das diagnostische Vorgehen in der Praxis und die verschiedenen Behandlungsschritte, thematisiert aber auch die Widersprüchlichkeiten und Unstimmigkeiten rund um dieses komplexe Störungsbild. Unsicherheiten entstehen vor allem darum, weil es kein allgemein anerkanntes Störungsmodell gibt, kein zuverlässiger ADHS-Test zur Verfügung steht, sich die Störung mit anderen Erkrankungen zum Teil erheblich überschneidet und vor allem weil ADHS Symptome kontinuierlich in der Population verteilt sind, was die Diagnose von den Erwartungen des Umfeldes und den gesellschaftlichen Bewertungen abhängig macht. Dieser Artikel schlägt in Anlehnung an die Autismus Spektrum Störung deshalb den Begriff ADHS Spektrum vor. Diese passende Bezeichnung berücksichtigt neben den dimensionalen Eigenschaften von ADHS auch deren grosse Heterogenität.


ADHD spectrum

Abstract. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders in childhood and adolescence. This article highlights the diagnostic procedures in clinical practice and the different treatment modalities, but also focuses on the inconsistencies and dilemmas of this complex and heterogeneous disorder. Uncertainties arise because there is no generally accepted etiological model and no reliable test for the individual patient. Furthermore, a large overlap exists with other neurobehavioral disorders, and finally, ADHD symptoms are continuously distributed in the normal population, which make the diagnosis dependent on environmental expectations and societal judgment. Thus, this article proposes rather to use the term ADHD spectrum, which not only considers the dimensional nature of ADHD, but also its heterogeneity and complexity.

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