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Open AccessFokus Forschung

Leseentwicklung im Grundschulalter: Kognitive Grundlagen und Risikofaktoren

Published Online:September 08, 2017https://doi.org/10.1024/2235-0977/a000185

Abstract

Zusammenfassung. In dieser narrativen Übersichtsarbeit werden die zentralen Faktoren des Leseerwerbs beschrieben und empirische Forschungsergebnisse aus aktuellen Meta-Analysen, Reviews und Längsschnittstudien zusammengetragen. Dabei wird zunächst die frühe Leseentwicklung mit Bezug zum Phasenmodell von Frith (1985, 1986) fokussiert und der Leseprozess anhand des Dual-Route Modells von Coltheart (1978) erläutert. Des Weiteren wird auf die problematische Leseentwicklung eingegangen und Risikofaktoren auf genetischer sowie neurokognitiver Ebene beschrieben. Weiterhin werden Ergebnisse zu Risikofaktoren bezüglich der kognitiven Verarbeitung, der Sprachentwicklung sowie prä- und postnatale Umwelteinflüsse präsentiert. Abschließend werden kritische Anmerkungen und weiterführende Ausblicke diskutiert.


Reading development in children. Cognitive preconditions and risk factors

Abstract. This narrative review addresses the complex operation of reading acquisition. Focusing on empirical research and meta-analytic insights, early reading development is depicted. Furthermore, the reading process is illustrated referring to the dual-route model and difficulties in reading acquisition are described and explained. Empirical data concerning reading relevant genetic and neurocognitive risk factors are presented. Risk factors regarding individual cognitive processing as well as developmental language disorders and pre- and postnatal complications are outlined. Shortcomings and perspectives are discussed.

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