Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Personen, die Intentionen haben, körperlich aktiver zu werden, scheitern oft an der Umsetzung dieser Intentionen in Verhalten. Zur Überwindung dieser “Intentions-Verhaltens-Lücke“ bieten sich die volitionalen Konstrukte Ausführungsplanung, Bewältigungsplanung und Handlungskontrolle an. Die vorliegende Studie untersuchte die Effektivität einer Intervention zur Verbesserung der Ausführungsplanung, der Bewältigungsplanung und der Handlungskontrolle auf die körperliche Aktivität ein Jahr später im Vergleich zu einer Kontrollgruppe. Weiterhin sollte anhand von Mediatoranalysen ermittelt werden, welche der drei volitionalen Konstrukte die Wirksamkeit der Intervention maßgeblich beeinflussten. Teilnehmer der Studie waren 199 Herzpatienten, die nach Entlassung aus der Rehabilitation einen körperlich aktiven Lebensstil aufnehmen und aufrechterhalten sollten und die auch über eine entsprechende Intention berichteten. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Intervention die körperliche Aktivität der Teilnehmer, verglichen mit einer Kontrollgruppe, ein Jahr später positiv beeinflusst hat. Die Handlungskontrolle mediierte den Interventionseffekt auf die körperliche Aktivität. Implikationen für die Übertragung der Ergebnisse in die Praxis sowie für die weitere Forschung werden diskutiert.
Abstract. Although good intentions are a necessary prerequisite to change one’s health behavior, they are mostly not sufficient for making a successful behavioral change. To overcome this “intention-behavior-gap”, volitional constructs, such as planning or action control, are needed. The study investigates the effectiveness of a combined planning and action control intervention on change in physical activity in comparison to a control group over one year. Participants were 199 cardiac rehabilitation patients who intended to initiate and maintain regular physical activity after discharge. Baseline assessment was completed during rehabilitation; follow-up assessments were conducted two and twelve months after discharge. The intervention, which took place between the first and second measurement points, focused on planning and action control. One year after discharge, participants of the intervention group were significantly more physically active than those in the control group. This effect of intervention on physical activity was mediated by action control two months after discharge. Practical implications as well as suggestions for future research are discussed.
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