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Originalia

Zur interindividuellen Variabilität affektiver Reaktionen im Verlauf von Freizeit- und Gesundheitssportprogrammen

Published Online:July 10, 2014https://doi.org/10.1026/0943-8149/a000118

Abstract

Positive Effekte sportlicher Aktivität auf das aktuelle Befinden sind meta-analytisch gut dokumentiert. Eine Generalisierung der Befunde wird dadurch eingeschränkt, dass zunehmend eine hohe interindividuelle Variabilität beobachtet wird und Prozesse während der Aktivität defizitär berücksichtigt wurden. Dieser Beitrag geht den Fragen nach, wie groß das Ausmaß interindividueller Variabilität affektiver Reaktionen im Verlauf von gruppenbasierten Freizeit- und Gesundheitssportaktivitäten ist und welchen Einfluss personale Voraussetzungen (Fitnesszustand) und Faktoren der Auseinandersetzung mit der Aktivität (Beanspruchungserleben, Kompetenzwahrnehmung, positives Gruppenerleben) nehmen. Speziell interessiert, inwieweit affektive Reaktionen in Abhängigkeit vom Zeitpunkt sowie in Abhängigkeit der Intensität von unterschiedlichen Faktoren beeinflusst werden. Dazu wurden 110 Universitätsangestellte (M = 49.5 Jahre) wiederholt im Rahmen von mehrwöchigen Programmen befragt. An insgesamt sechs Terminen wurden Handheld-PC-Befragungen vor, zweimal während und nach der Kursstunde durchgeführt, mit denen das aktuelle Befinden und mögliche Einflussfaktoren erfasst wurden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Variabilität affektiver Reaktionen im ersten Abschnitt der Sportprogramme am größten ist, während die Reaktionen am Ende der Kursstunde insgesamt positiver und homogener ausfallen. Im ersten Abschnitt sind personale Voraussetzungen noch wichtige Einflussfaktoren, während die Bedeutung der wahrgenommenen Kompetenz und des positiven Gruppenerlebens im Verlauf der Sportaktivität größer wird. Im Einklang mit der Dual Mode Theory weist die Kompetenzwahrnehmung bei anstrengender Intensität im Vergleich zu moderater Intensität einen größeren Zusammenhang mit dem Befinden auf.


Inter-individual variability of acute affective responses in the course of leisure time and health-oriented exercise programs

Meta-analyses document acute positive effects of exercise on affective wellbeing. But, the generalization of these effects is limited due to the increasingly observed high inter-individual variability as well as the lack of consideration for processes during exercise activities. This article focuses on the extent of inter-individual variability of affective responses in the course of group-based leisure time and health-oriented exercise programs. Moreover, it addresses the impact that personal preconditions (fitness level, affective wellbeing) and subjective experiences of exercise (perceived exertion, perceived competence, and positive group experiences) have. It is of special interest to what extent affective responses are influenced by varying factors depending on the time within the progress of an exercise session as well as the exercise intensity. Therefore 110 university staff members (M = 49.5 years) were repeatedly questioned in the context of different exercise programs. At a total of six timepoints, handheld PC surveys were conducted before, twice during, and after the session to gather changes in affect and possible influencing factors. The results show that the variability of affective responses is greatest during the first part of a single exercise session, whereas the responses are generally more positive and uniform at the end. Personal preconditions are important influencing factors during the first part of an exercise session. In contrast, the perceived competence and positive group experiences gain in importance over the course of an exercise session. In accordance with the dual mode theory the perceived competence has a greater influence on affect in the high intensity exercise compared to the moderate intensity exercise.

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