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Wie stark sind Führungskräfte psychisch gefährdet?

Eine Literaturübersicht zu Gesundheitsrisiken und arbeitsbezogenen Risiko- und Schutzfaktoren

Published Online:November 03, 2015https://doi.org/10.1026/0943-8149/a000143

Abstract

Zusammenfassung. Der Forschungsstand zur psychischen Gesundheit der Führungskräfte wurde bisher nicht systematisch ausgewertet. Die folgende Literaturübersicht fasst Ergebnisse aus 34 klinisch-epidemiologischen sowie arbeitspsychologischen Studien qualitativ und quantitativ zusammen. Ausgewertet wurden Ergebnisse zur Verbreitung psychischer Beeinträchtigungen (Fragestellung 1) sowie zu arbeitsbezogenen Risiko- und Schutzfaktoren (Fragestellung 2). Es liegen Ergebnisse zu fünf unterschiedlichen Gesundheitsrisiken vor: psychische Gesundheit und Wohlbefinden, depressive und psychosomatische Symptome, Burnout, Irritation und psychischer Stress. Die bisherige Befundlage zu Fragestellung 1 ist zu heterogen, um hieraus Trends ableiten zu können. Eindeutiger zu interpretieren sind Ergebnisse zu den Risiko- und Schutzfaktoren: Die quantitative Arbeitsbelastung und Konflikte durch die Führungsrolle wiesen jeweils in mehreren Studien signifikante Zusammenhänge mit den psychischen Risiken auf. Arbeitsplatzsicherheit, soziale Unterstützung und Handlungsspielraum erwiesen sich als protektive Faktoren. Aus den Ergebnissen des Reviews werden der weitere Forschungsbedarf sowie spezifische Präventionsstrategien abgeleitet.


Mental Health Risks Among Managers: A Review

Abstract. Research on mental health among managers has not been systematically evaluated to date. The present review summarizes the results of 34 epidemiological and work psychology studies focusing on the prevalence of mental health problems (Research Question 1) as well as on job demands and job resources (Research Question 2) among managers. Results concerning five different health outcomes are presented, in particular: mental health and well-being, depressive and psychosomatic symptoms, burnout, irritation, and stress. Findings regarding Research Question 1 are heterogeneous, and therefore no obvious trends were detected. The results regarding job demands and job resources among managers were clearer to interpret: Both quantitative workload as well as conflicts due to the manager role were significantly associated with an increased mental health risk. By contrast, job security, social support, and decision latitude appeared to buffer negative strain reactions. The findings of this review indicate the need for further research and specific prevention strategies.

* Studie wurde in dieser Literaturübersicht berücksichtigt

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