Abstract
Trainer gehören zu einer Berufsgruppe, die durch ihre Arbeitsstrukturen und Tätigkeitsgebiete regelmäßig emotionalen und körperlichen Belastungs- bzw. Stresssituationen ausgesetzt sind. Die Folgen subjektiver erhöhter Überforderung, Unzufriedenheit und mangelnder Erholung können in der Ausbildung eines Gefühls des „Ausgebranntseins“, eines Burnouts, gipfeln. Dieser Zustand körperlicher oder mentaler Erschöpfung, der in klarer Abgrenzung zur Depression steht, erschwert die Ausübung der Trainertätigkeiten maßgeblich und wirkt sich negativ auf die betreuten Athleten aus. Dieser Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über den Forschungsstand und die meist mit US-College-Trainern durchgeführten Studien der vergangenen Jahre. Neben der Darstellung moderierender Variablen (z. B. Geschlecht, Alter, Sportarten) und diagnostischer Instrumente werden zudem Ansätze für Interventionen und kommende Forschungen aufgegriffen.
Sport coaches have continuously to deal with emotionally and physically stressful situations and demands that result from the type of work and activities of a coach. The consequences of the subjectively excessive demands, dissatisfaction, and lack of recovery time can lead to a feeling of “burnout”. This state of physical and emotional depletion, which is clearly distinct from depression, complicates the duties of a coach and influences the performance of the athletes negatively. This article reviews the literature on burnout of coaches and the existing studies, which mostly had US college coaches as samples. In addition to presenting moderator variables (e. g., gender, age, sport) and diagnostic instruments, approaches for interventions and future research are discussed.
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