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Originalia

Befinden und Motivation im Sport

Das Resultat einer Motiv-Sportziel-Passung

Published Online:April 27, 2015https://doi.org/10.1026/1612-5010/a000132

Abstract

Um Befinden und Motivation im Sport vorherzusagen, wird in der vorliegenden Arbeit eine Motiv-Ziel-Passungsannahme geprüft. Zwei Studien testen die Hypothese, dass das Verfolgen sportbezogener Ziele, die zu den impliziten Motiven (Leistungs- und Anschlussmotiv) der Sporttreibenden passen, zu positivem Befinden im Sport und hoher geplanter Sportaktivität führt, während das Verfolgen motivinkongruenter Ziele beeinträchtigend wirkt. Eine erste korrelative Studie (N = 67) bestätigt die Hypothese für die Vorhersage des positiven Befindens während des Sporttreibens in einer Stichprobe bestehend aus Sportstudierenden, die selbstgesetzte Ziele verfolgen. In einer zweiten Studie (N = 67) werden motivkongruente und motivinkongruente TrainerInnen-Ziele experimentell induziert. Die Motiv-Ziel-Interaktionen sagen auch hier das Befinden und zusätzlich die intendierte zukünftige Sportaktivität vorher. Der theoretische Erkenntnisgewinn dieser Studien besteht darin, dass fremdgesetzte TrainerInnen-Ziele sehr ähnlich wirken wie selbstgesetzte Ziele. Die praktischen Implikationen beinhalten Zielimaginationsübungen, die die Wahl motivpassender Sportziele erleichtern sollen.


Well-Being and Motivation in Sport: The Results of a Motive-Sport Goal Fit

The present research assumes that a motive-goal fit predicts well-being and motivation in sport. Two studies tested the hypothesis that sport-related goals which fit to the athletes’ implicit motives (achievement and affiliation motive) result in positive affect and sport motivation, whereas striving for motive-incongruent goals impairs well-being and motivation. A correlative study (N = 67) confirmed the hypothesis predicting positive affect of sport students who strive for self-set goals. In a second study (N = 67), we experimentally induced motive-congruent and motive-incongruent goals by assigning them by the sport coach. The motive × goal interactions again predict well-being and additionally the athletes’ future sport motivation. The theoretical contribution of the present research is that the effects of assigned goals are similar to self-set goals. Practical implications of the studies’ results are goal imagery tasks, which should enhance the congruence between implicit motives and goals in sport.

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