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Originalia

Metakognitive Therapie

Published Online:February 17, 2015https://doi.org/10.1026/1616-3443/a000279

Abstract

Die metakognitive Therapie (MCT) wurde von Adrian Wells als generische Therapieform emotionaler Störungen entwickelt. In der MCT gelten kognitive Prozesse sowie deren Steuerung durch metakognitive Überzeugungen als transdiagnostische Störungsdeterminanten. Die auf dem metakognitiven Modell emotionaler Störungen basierende metakognitive Therapie ist eine Kurzzeittherapie mit einem empfohlenen Umfang von fünf bis zwölf Sitzungen. Entsprechend der theoretischen Annahmen stellen die Infragestellung und Modifikation dysfunktionaler Metakognitionen und die Flexibilisierung von Denk- und Aufmerksamkeitsprozessen zentrale therapeutische Strategien dar. Die Wirksamkeit der metakognitiven Therapie wurde in Einzelfalluntersuchungen, unkontrollierten Studien und ersten randomisiert-kontrollierten Studien bestätigt. Die Störungstheorie, das praktisch-therapeutische Vorgehen und die bisherige Studienlage werden im vorliegenden Artikel beschrieben und kritisch diskutiert.


Metacognitive Therapy

Metacognitive therapy (MCT) was developed by Adrian Wells as a generic treatment of emotional disorders. MCT views cognitive processes (perseverative thinking, threat monitoring, maladaptive coping styles) as well as metacognitive beliefs about these processes as core aspects of psychopathology. MCT is a highly structured short-term therapy with five to twelve sessions of treatment. Treatment focuses on modifying dysfunctional metacognitive beliefs and increasing attentional control. Case studies, open trials, and randomized-controlled trials point to the effectiveness of MCT. The theory and principles of metacognitive therapy are described and data supporting its effects are summarized and discussed.

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