Psychometric Properties of the Romanian Version of the Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire
Abstract
This research investigated the psychometric properties and the convergent and divergent validity of the Romanian version of the Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire (ZKPQ) at the factor-level. The ZKPQ assesses the five basic factors of Zuckerman’s alternative five-factor model (AFFM). Study 1 (n = 449) assessed the psychometric properties of the Romanian version of the ZKPQ and verified its factorial structure. The factors reliability ranged from .69 to .88, and gender differences were similar to those found in the Spanish, French, and Chinese samples. Exploratory factor analysis supported the replicability of the original five-factor structure, and correlations between the scales showed that the five basic factors of the AFFM are relatively independent. Study 2 (n = 238) verified the convergent and divergent validity of the Romanian version of the ZKPQ, by testing its links with DECAS, a personality inventory based on the five-factor model, developed and well-validated on the Romanian population. The results showed good convergent and divergent validity, with all identified correlations supporting the correspondence between the two personality models. Overall, the present findings showed that the Romanian version of the ZKPQ is a valid tool for assessing personality traits according to the AFFM.
References
2007). Zuckerman’s personality model predicts MCMI-III personality disorders. Personality and Individual Differences, 42, 1311–1321. doi 10.1016/j.paid.2006.10.009
(2002). A comparative study of Zuckerman’s three structural models for personality through the NEO-PI-R, ZKPQ-III-R, EPQ-RS and Goldberg’s 50-bipolar adjectives. Personality and Individual Differences, 33, 713–725. doi 10.1016/S0191-8869(01)00186-6
(2003). Psychometric properties of the Zuckerman-Kuhlman personality questionnaire (ZKPQ-III-R): A study of a shortened form. Personality and Individual Differences, 34, 1083–1097. doi 10.1016/S0191-8869(02)00097-1
(2004). Replicability of the three, four and five Zuckerman’s personality super-factors: Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis of the EPQ-RS, ZKPQ and NEO-PI-R. Personality and Individual Differences, 36, 1093–1108. doi 10.1016/S0191-8869(03)00203-4
(2010). Development of the Zuckerman-Kuhlman-Aluja Personality Questionnaire (ZKA–PQ): A factor/facet version of the Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire (ZKPQ). Journal of Personality Assessment, 92, 416–431. doi 10.1080/ 00223891.2010.497406
(2006). A crosscultural shortened form of the ZKPQ (ZKPQ-50-CC) adapted to English, French, German and Spanish languages. Personality and Individual Differences, 41, 619–628. doi 10.1016/j.paid. 2006.03.001
(2004). Investigating the ZKPQ-III-R: Psychometric properties, relations to the five-factor model, and genetic and environmental influences on its scales and facets. In , On the psychobiology of personality: Essays in honor of Marvin Zuckerman (pp. 89–105). Oxford, UK: Elsevier.
(1995). The validity of an alternative five-factor measure of personality in cocaine abusers. Psychological Assessment, 7, 148–154. doi 10.1037/1040-3590.7.2.148
(1997). A five-factor model of personality and addiction, psychiatric, and AIDS risk severity in pregnant and postpartum cocaine misusers. Substance Use and Misuse, 32(1), 25–41. doi 10.3109/10826089709027295
(2000). Genes, evolution, and personality. Behavior Genetics, 31, 243–273. doi 10.1023/ A:1012294324713
(1991). Sensation seeking, exercise, and dopamine beta hydroxylase. Personality and Individual Differences, 12, 903–907. doi 10.1016/0191-8869(91)90179-F
(1957). Personality and Motivation Structure and Measurement. New York: World Book.
(1992). Four ways five factors are basic. Personality and Individual Differences, 13, 653–665. doi 10.1016/0191-8869(92)90236-I
(1995). Primary traits of Eysenck’s P-E-N system: Three- and five-factor solutions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 308–317. doi 10.1037/0022-3514.69.2.308
(2003). Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire: Preliminary results of the Italian version. Psychological Reports, 92, 965–974. doi 10.2466/ pr0.2003.92.3.965
(2007). Neuroticism-anxiety, impulsive-sensation seeking and autonomic responses to somatosensory stimuli. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 63, 16–24. doi 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2006.06.004
(2009). Sensation seeking, risk-taking, and the HEXACO model of personality. Personality and Individual Differences, 47, 536–540. doi 10.1016/j.paid.2009.05.029
(1990). Personality structure: Emergence of the five-factor model. Annual Review of Psychology, 41, 417–440. doi 10.1146/annurev.ps.41.020190.002221
(1988). Personality characteristics of opiate addicts. Personality and Individual Differences, 9, 171–172. doi 10.1016/0191-8869(88)90043-8
(1992a). Four ways five-factor are not basic. Personality and Individual Differences, 13, 667–673. doi 10.1016/ 0191-8869(92)90237-J
(1992b). A replay to Costa and McCrae. P or A and C – The role of theory. Personality and Individual Differences, 13, 867–868. doi 10.1016/0191-8869(92)90003-8
(1999). Evaluating the use of exploratory factor analysis in psychological research. Psychological Methods, 4, 272–299. doi 10.1037/1082-989X.4.3.272
(2007). Habituation of P3a and P3b brain potentials in men engaged in extreme sports. Biological Psychology, 75, 87–94. doi 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2006.12.004
(1986). The application of exploratory factor analysis in applied psychology: A critical review and analysis. Personnel Psychology, 39, 291–314. doi 10.1111/j.1744-6570.1986.tb00583.x
(1985). A possible association between HLA B-27 and vulnerability to schizophrenia. Personality and Individual Differences, 6, 283–285. doi 10.1016/0191-8869(85)90122-9
(1992). The development of markers for the Big Five factor structure. Psychological Assessment, 4, 26–42. doi 10.1037/1040-3590.4.1.26
(1994). The Big Five factor structure as an integrative framework: An empirical comparison with Eysenck’s P-E N model. In , The developing structure of temperament and personality from infancy to adulthood (pp. 7–35). New York: Erlbaum.
(1983). Personality, drinking and drug-taking correlates of cigarette smoking. Personality and Individual Differences, 4, 703–706. doi 10.1016/0191-8869(83)90129-0
(2008). Discriminant validity of the ZKPQ in a sample meeting BPD diagnosis vs. normal-range controls. Journal of Personality Disorders, 22, 178–190. doi 10.1521/pedi.2008.22. 2.178
(2004). Psychometric properties of the Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire in a Spanish sample. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 20, 134–146. doi 10.1027/1015-5759.20.2.134
(2005). Consensual validity parameters of the Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire: Evidence from self-reports and spouse reports. Journal of Personality Assessment, 84, 279–286. Retrieved from grupsderecerca.uab.cat/zkpq/sites/grupsderecerca.uab.cat.zkpq/files/zkpq6.pdf
(1997). Exploratory factor analysis: Its role in item analysis. Journal of Personality Assessment, 68, 532–560. doi 10.1207/s15327752jpa6803_5
(1999). Personality dimensions in nonhuman animals: A cross-species review. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 8, 69–75. doi 10.1111/1467-8721.00017
(2009). Evaluation of genetic variability in the dopamine receptor D2 in relation to behavioral inhibition and impulsivity/sensation seeking: An exploratory study with d-amphetamine in healthy participants. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 17, 374–383. doi 10.1037/a0017840
(2011). Could sex difference in color preference and its personality correlates fit into social theories? Let Chinese university students tell you. Personality and Individual Differences, 51, 154–159. doi 10.1016/j.paid.2011.03.035
(1980). Assertiveness, aggressiveness and Eysenck’s personality variables. Personality and Individual Differences, 1, 143–149. doi 10.1016/0191-8869(80)90032-X
(2001). El cuestionario de Personalidad Zuckerman-Kuhlman-III (ZKPQ-III): version espanola [
(The Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire (ZKPQ-III): Spanish version ]. Revista Latinoamericana de Psicologia, 33, 269–287. Retrieved from redalyc.uaemex.mx/pdf/805/80533303.pdf2005). Empathy in medical students as related to specialty interest, personality, and perceptions of mother and father. Personality and Individual Differences, 39, 1205–1215. doi 10.1016/j.paid.2005.04.007
(1965). A rationale and technique for estimating the number of factors in factor analysis. Psychometrica, 30, 179–185. doi 10.1007/BF02289447
(1972). An item analysis of Cattell’s 16 PF. Canadian Journal of Behavioral Science, 4, 85–90. doi 10.1037/h0082293
(2011). The Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire predicts functioning styles of personality disorder: A trial in healthy subjects and personality-disorder patients. Psychiatry Research, 186, 320–325. doi 10.1016/j.psychres.2010.07.010
(2006). Chestionarul Nonverbal de Personalitate în Cinci Factori [
(Five Factor Nonverbal Personality Questionnaire ]. Cluj-Napoca, Romania: Odyseea.2008a). Inventarul de Personalitate NEO Revizuit (NEO PI-R) [
(Revised NEO Personality Inventory, NEO PI-R ]. Cluj-Napoca, Romania: Sinapsis.2008b). Inventarul NEO-FFI Revizuit [
(Revised NEO-FFI Inventory ]. Cluj-Napoca, Romania: Sinapsis.2004). The Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire: Origin, development, and validity of a measure to assess an alternative five-factor model of personality. In , On the psychobiology of personality: Essays in honor of Marvin Zuckerman (pp. 49–64). Oxford, UK: Elsevier.
(1999). Parental behavior and attitudes of their parents reported by young adults from intact and stepparent families and relationships between perceived parenting and personality. Personality and Individual Differences, 27, 453–476. doi 10.1016/S0191-8869(98)00255-4
(1998). Heritabilities of common and measure-specific components of the Big Five personality factors. Journal of Research in Personality, 32, 431–453. doi 10.1006/jrpe.1998.2225
(2007). Personality traits of agreeableness and extraversion are associated with ADH4 variation. Biological Psychiatry, 61, 599–608. doi 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.05.017
(2008). ADH7 variation modulates extraversion and conscientiousness in substance dependent subjects. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics, 147B, 179–186. doi 10.1002/ajmg.b.30589
(1997). Personality trait structure as a human universal. American Psychologist, 52, 509–516. doi 10.1037/0003-066X.52.5.509
(2003). The relationship of impulsive sensation seeking and gender to interest and participation in gambling activities. Personality and Individual Differences, 35, 1385–1400. doi 10.1016/S0191-8869(02)00357-4
(2001). Validation of recruiter personality traits for stress resiliency. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, 45, 870–874. doi 10.1177/154193120104501203
(2011). The alternative five-factor model of personality, nicotine dependence and relapse after treatment for smoking cessation. Addictive Behaviors, 36, 965–971. doi 10.1016/j.addbeh.2011.05.008
(1987). Cattell, Comrey, and Eysenck personality factors compared: More evidence for the five robust factors? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 775–782. doi 10.1037/0022-3514.53.4.775
(1994). A comparison of different instruments proposed to measure the Big Five. European Review of Applied Psychology, 44, 45–53. Retrieved from www.uni-bielefeld.de/psychologie/public/FOstendo/Abstracts/25_European%20Review.pdf
(1996). The personality of prostitutes. Personality and Individual Differences, 21, 445–448. doi 10.1016/0191-8869(96)00053-0
(1998). Hierarchical organization of personality and prediction of behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 538–556. doi 10.1037/0022-3514.74.2.538
(2003). Big Five Factors of personality and replicated predictions of behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 411–424. doi 10.1037/0022-3514.84.2.411
(2000). What is beyond the Big Five? Plenty! Journal of Personality, 68, 821–835. Retrieved from www.subjectpool.com/ed_teach/y4person/1_intro/refs/whatsbeyondthebig-5.pdf
(2008). Scalele de personalitate Eysenck [
(Eysenck Personality Inventory ]. Cluj-Napoca, Romania: Sinapsis.2009). Associations between the Five-Factor Model of personality and health behaviors among college students. Journal of American College Health, 58(1), 73–81. doi 10.3200/JACH.58.1.73-82
(2003). Alternative personality variables and the relationship to Holland’s personality types in college students. Journal of Career Assessment, 11, 308–327. doi 10.1177/1069072703254502
(2008). Psychometric properties of the French version of the Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 8, 203–217. Retrieved from www.aepc.es/ijchp/articulos_pdf/ijchp-273.pdf
(2004). Analiza datelor în cercetarea psihologică. Metode statistice complementare [
(Data analysis in psychological research. Complementary statistical techniques ]. Cluj-Napoca, Romania: ASCR.2008). Inventarul de personalitate DECAS. Manualul utilizatorului [
(The DECAS Personality Inventory. The user’s manual ]. Timisoara, Romania: ArtPress.1996). Examining the validity of a Japanese version of the Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire (ZKPQ). Hyago University of Teacher Education Journal, 2, 1–13.
(1994). Sensation seeking and drug use among high risk Latino and Anglo adolescents. Personality and Individual Differences, 17, 665–672. doi 10.1016/0191-8869(94)90139-2
(2006). Exteroceptive suppression of temporalis muscle activity in subjects with high and low aggression traits. Clinical Neurophysiology, 36, 63–69. doi 10.1016/j.neucli.2006.05.001
(1999). Auditory evoked potentials and multiple personality measures in migraine and posttraumatic headaches. PAIN, 79, 235–242. doi 10.1016/S0304-3959(98)00168-7
(2000). Development of a Chinese version of the Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire: Reliabilities and gender/age effects. Social Behavior and Personality, 28, 241–250. doi 10.2224/sbp.2000.28.3.241
(2002). Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire (ZKPQ): An alternative five-factor model. In , Big Five assessment (pp. 377–396). Göttingen: Hogrefe & Huber.
(2005). Psychobiology of personality (2nd ed.). New York: Cambridge University Press.
(1980). Sensation seeking and its biological correlates. Psychological Bulletin, 88, 187–214. doi 10.1037/0033-2909.88.1.187
(2000). Personality and risk taking: Common biosocial factors. Journal of Personality, 68, 999–1029. doi 10.1111/1467-6494.00124
(1988). What lies beyond E and N? Factor analyses of scales believed to measure basic dimensions of personality. Personality Processes and Individual Differences, 54(1), 96–107. doi 10.1037/0022-3514.54.1.96
(1993). A comparison of three structural models for personality: The Big Three, the Big Five, and the Alternative Five. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65(4), 757–768. doi 10.1037/0022-3514.65.4.757
(1968). Construct validity for the sensation seeking scale. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 32, 420–426. doi 10.1037/h0026047
(