Skip to main content
Original Article

Assessing the Psychometric Properties of the Managerial Job Satisfaction Scale-MJSS-16

A Multi-Country Analysis

Published Online:https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000341

Abstract. Increasing globalization has resulted in an emerging line of research addressing the cross-national generalizability of job satisfaction measures and its correlates. In this study the authors tested the measurement equivalence of the Italian Managerial Job Satisfaction Survey (MJSS) in six countries. Study 1 involved a group of 800 Italian managers from a multinational firm based in Italy. The MJSS was validated and used to assess four dimensions of job satisfaction. Study 2 cross-nationally verified the findings of Study 1 in five countries: 3,886 managers from Germany, France, Poland, Spain, and Brazil provided data on the four satisfaction facets. Results showed that the four-factor solution of the MJSS-16 was invariant across samples, with data supporting configural, metric, and factor variance and covariance invariance. The Managerial Job Satisfaction Scale may be used for future research to draw meaningful structure-level comparisons across countries (i.e., comparisons dealing with cause-effect relationships).

References

  • Arbuckle, J. L. (2009). AMOS 18 user’s guide. Crawfordville, FL: Amos Development Corporation. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Argentero, P., Cortese, C. & Ferretti, M. S. (2008). An evaluation of organizational citizenship behaviour: Psychometric characteristics of the Italian version of Podsakoff et al.’s scale. TPM – Testing, Psychometric, Methodology in Applied Psychology, 2, 61–75. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Bagozzi, R. P. & Baumgartner, H. (1994). The evaluation of structural equation models and hypothesis testing. In R. P. BagozziEd., Principles of marketing research. London, UK: Blackwell. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Bentler, P. M. (1990). Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychological Bulletin, 107, 238–246. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Blunt, P. (1973). Cultural and situational determinants of job satisfaction amongst management in South Africa – a research note. Journal of Management Studies, 10, 133–140. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Bollen, K. A. (1989). Structural Equations with Latent Variables. New York, NY: Wiley. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Cheung, G. W. & Rensvold, R. B. (2000). Assessing extreme and acquiescence response sets in cross-cultural research using structural equations modeling. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 31, 187–212. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Craig, C. S. & Douglas, S. P. (2000). International market research (2nd ed.). Chichester, UK: Wiley. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Cudeck, R. & Browne, M. W. (1983). Cross-validation of covariance structures. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 18, 147–167. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Davidov, E., Hermann, D., Schlüter, E., Schmidt, P. & Meuleman, B. (2012). Using a multilevel structural equation modeling approach to explain cross-cultural measurement noninvariance. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 43, 558–575. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • De Beuckelaer, A., Lievens, P. & Swinnen, G. (2007). Measurement equivalence in the conduct of a global organizational survey across countries in six cultural regions. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 80, 575–600. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Ewen, R. B. (1967). Weighting components of job satisfaction. Journal of Applied Psychology, 51, 68–73. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Fassina, N. E., Jones, D. A. & Uggerslev, K. L. (2008). Relationship clean-up time: Using meta-analysis and path analysis to clarify relationships among job satisfaction, perceived fairness, and citizenship behaviors. Journal of Management, 34, 161–188. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Ferretti, M. S. (2009). Job satisfaction and organizational commitment: Affective commitment predictors in a group of professionals. In G. MinatiM. AbramE. PessaEds., Processes of emergence of systems and systemic properties. Towards a general theory of emergence (pp. 313–329). Singapore: World Scientific. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Fourgous, J. M. & Itturalde, B. (1991). Mesurer et améliorer le climat social dans l’entreprise. Paris, France: Les Editions d’Organisations. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Horn, J. L. & McArdle, J. J. (1992). A practical and theoretical guide to measurement invariance in aging research. Experimental Aging Research, 18, 117–144. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Hu, L. T. & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1–55. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Huang, X. & Van de Vliert, E. (2003). Where intrinsic job satisfaction fails to work: National moderators of intrinsic motivation. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 24, 159–179. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Hulin, C. L. & Mayer, L. J. (1986). Psychometric equivalence of a translation of the Job Descriptive Index into Hebrew. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71, 83–94. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Hult, G. T. M., Ketchen, D. J., Griggith, D. A., Finnegan, C. A., Gonzalez-Padron, T., Harmancioglu, N., … Cavusgil, S. T. (2008). Data equivalence in cross-cultural international business research: Assessment and guidelines. Journal of International Business Studies, 39, 1027–1044. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • International Test Commission. (2010). International Test Commission guidelines for translating and adapting tests. Version 2010, ITC. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Jackson, C. J. & Corr, P. J. (2002). Global job satisfaction and facet description: The moderating role of facet importance. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 18, 1–8. First citation in articleLinkGoogle Scholar

  • Jackson, C. J., Potter, A. & Dale, S. (1998). Utility of facet descriptions in the prediction of global job satisfaction. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 14, 134–140. First citation in articleLinkGoogle Scholar

  • Judge, T. A., Parker, S., Colbert, A. E., Heller, D. & Ilies, R. (2001). Job satisfaction: A cross-cultural review. In N. AndersonD. S. OnesH. K. SinangilC. ViswesvaranEds., Handbook of industrial, work and organizational psychology (pp. 25–52). London, UK: Sage. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Liu, C., Borg, I. & Spector, P. E. (2004). Measurement equivalence of the German job satisfaction survey used in a multinational organization: Implications of Schwartz’s culture model. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89, 1070–1082. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Locke, E. A. (1976). The nature and causes of job satisfaction. In M. D. DunnetteEd., Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology (pp. 1297–1349). Chicago, IL: Rand McNally. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Meredith, W. (1993). Measurement invariance, factor analysis and factorial invariance. Psychometrika, 58, 525–543. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Mueller, K., Hattrup, K. & Hausmann, N. (2009). An investigation of cross-national differences in positivity and job satisfaction. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 82, 551–573. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Mullen, M. R. (1995). Diagnosing measurement equivalence in cross-national research. Journal of International Business Studies, 26, 573–596. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Nunnally, J. & Bernstein, I. (1994). Psychometric Theory. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Pedhazur, E. J. (1982). Multiple regression in behavioral research (2nd ed). New York, NY: Holt, Rinehart, & Winston. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Rice, R. W., Gentile, D. A. & McFarlin, D. B. (1991). Facet importance and job satisfaction. Journal of Applied Psychology, 76, 31–39. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Riordan, C. M. & Vandenberg, R. J. (1994). A central question in cross-cultural research – Do employees of different cultures interpret work-related measures in an equivalent manner. Journal of Management, 20, 643–671. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Rock, D. A., Wertz, C. E. & Flaugher, R. L. (1978). The use of analysis of covariance structures for comparing the psychometric properties of multiple variables across populations. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 13, 403–418. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Ryan, A. M., Horvath, M. & Ployhart, R. E. (2000). Hypothesizing differential item functioning in global employee opinion surveys. Personnel Psychology, 53, 531–562. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Spector, P. E. (1997). Job satisfaction: Application, assessment, cause, and consequences. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Steenkamp, J. E. M. & Baumgartner, H. (1998). Assessing measurement invariance in cross-national consumer research. Journal of Consumer Research, 25, 78–90. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Steiger, J. H. (1990). Structural model evaluation and modification: An interval estimation approach. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 25, 173–180. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Steinmetz, H., Schmidt, P., Tina-Booh, A., Wieczorek, S. & Schwartz, S. H. (2009). Testing measurement invariance using multigroup CFA: Differences between educational groups in human values measurement. Quality & Quantity, 43, 599–616. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Thompson, B. (2004). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis: Understanding concepts and applications. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Tucker, L. R. & Lewis, C. (1973). A reliability coefficient for maximum likelihood factor analysis. Psychometrika, 38, 1–10. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Vandenberg, R. J. (2002). Toward a further understanding of and improvement in measurement invariance methods and procedures. Organizational Research Methods, 5, 139–158. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Vandenberg, R. J. & Lance, C. E. (2000). A review and synthesis of the measurement invariance literature: Suggestions, practices, and recommendations for organizational research. Organizational Research Methods, 3, 4–70. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar