Development and Psychometric Evaluation of a Short Version of the Time Perspective Inventory
Abstract
Abstract. Time perspective describes to what extent people draw on past memories, experience the present, or focus on future goals. Five dimensions of time perspective can be distinguished: past negative, present hedonistic, future, past positive, and present fatalistic. Based on a probability-based sample (N = 2,031) representative for the general population in Germany, we developed a 10-item time perspective scale that can be used in data collection contexts with limited resources for assessing specific constructs, such as large-scale surveys of the general population. Starting with a comprehensive German instrument assessing time perspective, we selected 10 items based on expert ratings and factor loadings. The reliability and validity of our short scale and its measurement invariance for women and men were assessed. The results suggest that the short scale is sufficiently reliable, allows the valid measurement of all five time perspective dimensions, and can be used for both gender groups. Reference statistics for the German general population are reported, limitations are being discussed, and avenues for future research are being sketched.
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