Skip to main content
Free AccessEditorial

Sex and Gender Differences

New Perspectives and New Findings Within a Psychobiosocial Approach

Published Online:https://doi.org/10.1027/2151-2604/a000096
Free first page

References

  • Braun, S. , Peus, C. , Frey, D. (2012). Is beauty beastly? Gender-specific effects of leader attractiveness and leadership style on followers’ trust and loyality. Zeitschrift für Psychologie, 220, 98–108. doi: 10.1027/2151-2604/a000101 First citation in articleLinkGoogle Scholar

  • Cahill, L. (2006). Why sex matters for neuroscience. Nature Review Neuroscience, 7, 477–484. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Campbell, A. (2012). The study of sex differences: Feminism and biology. Zeitschrift für Psychologie, 220, 137–143. doi: 10.1027/2151-2604/a000105 First citation in articleLinkGoogle Scholar

  • Caplan, P. J. , MacPherson, G. M. , Tobin, P. (1985). Do sex-related differences in spatial abilities exist? A multilevel critique with new data. American Psychologists, 40, 785–799. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Casey, M. B. , Nuttall, R. , Benbow, C. P. (1995). The influence of spatial ability on gender differences in Mathematics College entrance test-scores across diverse samples. Developmental Psychology, 31, 697–705. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Ceci, S. , Williams, W. , Barnett, S. (2009). Women’s underrepresentation in science: Sociocultural and biological considerations. Psychological Bulletin, 135, 218–261. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Clance, P. R. (1985). Imposter phenomenon: When success makes you feel like a fake. Atlanta, GA: Peachtree. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Halpern, D. F. (2000). Sex differences in cognitive abilities (3rd ed.). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Hausmann, M. (2011). Sex oder gender? Neurobiologie kognitiver Geschlechtsunterschiede [Sex or gender? The neurobiology of cognitive sex differences]. In M. Gottfried, R. Neck, C. Spiel, (Eds.), Wissenschaft und Gender (pp. 55–79). Vienna, Austria: Böhlau. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Hausmann, M. , Schoofs, D. , Rosenthal, H. E. S. , Jordan, K. (2009). Interactive effects of sex hormones and gender stereotypes on cognitive sex differences – a psychobiosocial approach. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 34, 389–401. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Heilman, M. E. , Stopeck, M. H. (1985). Being attractive, advantage or disadvantage? Performance-based evaluations and recommended personnel actions as a function of appearance, sex, and job type. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 35, 202–215. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Hirnstein, M. , Freund, N. , Hausmann, M. (2012). Gender stereotyping enhances verbal fluency performance in men (and women). Zeitschrift für Psychologie, 220, 70–77. doi: 10.1027/2151-2604/a000098 First citation in articleLinkGoogle Scholar

  • Jöstl, G. , Bergsmann, E. , Lüftenegger, M. , Schober, B. , & Spiel, C. (2012). “When will they blow my cover?” The imposter phenomenon among Austrian doctoral students. Zeitschrift für Psychologie, 220, 109–120. doi: 10.1027/2151-2604/a000102 First citation in articleLinkGoogle Scholar

  • Jordan, K. , Wüstenberg, T. , Heinze, H. J. , Peters, M. , & Jäncke, L. (2002). Women and men exhibit different cortical activation patterns during mental rotation. Neuropsychologia, 40, 2397–2408. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Kaiser, A. (2012). Re-conceptualising “sex” and “gender” in the human brain. Zeitschrift für Psychologie, 220, 130–136. doi: 10.1027/2151-2604/a000104 First citation in articleLinkGoogle Scholar

  • Krinzinger, H. , Wood, G. , Willmes, K. (2012). What accounts for individual differences in the multi-digit number processing of primary school children? Zeitschrift für Psychologie, 220, 78–89. doi: 10.1027/2151-2604/a000099 First citation in articleLinkGoogle Scholar

  • Lyness, K. S. , Thompson, D. E. (1997). Above the glass ceiling? A comparison of matched samples of female and male executives. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82, 359–375. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Mutz, R. , Bornmann, L. , Daniel, H.-D. (2012). Does gender matter in peer review? An empirical investigation using the example of the Austrian Science Fund. Zeitschrift für Psychologie, 220, 121–129. doi: 10.1027/2151-2604/a000103 First citation in articleLinkGoogle Scholar

  • Neuburger, S. , Jansen, P. , Heil, M. , Quaiser-Pohl, C. (2012). A threat in the classroom: Gender stereotype activation and the mental rotation performance of elementary school children. Zeitschrift für Psychologie, 220, 61–69. doi: 10.1027/2151-2604/a000097 First citation in articleLinkGoogle Scholar

  • Oakley, J. G. (2000). Gender-based barriers to senior management positions: Understanding the scarcity of female CEOs. Journal of Business Ethics, 27, 321–334. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Sänger, J. , Schneider, D. , Beste, C. , Wascher, E. (2012). Sex differences in competition-based attentional selection. Zeitschrift für Psychologie, 220, 90–97. doi: 10.1027/2151-2604/a000100 First citation in articleLinkGoogle Scholar

  • Schober, B. , Reimann, R. , & Wagner, P. (2004). Is research on gender-specific underachievement in gifted girls an obsolete topic? New findings on an often discussed issue. High Ability Studies, 15, 43–62. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Steele, C. M. (1997). A threat in the air: How stereotypes shape intellectual identity and performance. American Psychologist, 52, 613–629. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Van Garderen, D. (2006). Spatial visualization, visual imagery, and mathematical problem solving of students with varying abilities. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 39, 496–506. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar